ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2011
HIV infection, immunodeficiency, viral replication, and the risk of cancer.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01671501 (Primary Care-Based Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use Among HIV Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 140 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Primary Care-Based Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use Among HIV Patients
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver Cancer Risk and Incidence Attributable to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Population-Attributable Modeling Study of Over 1.2 Million Individuals.International journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Computationally inferred cell-type specific epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis unveils distinct methylation patterns among immune cells for HIV infection in three cohorts.PLoS pathogens · 2024Pooled it
- Risk of prostate cancer in men with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Associated Mortality in HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- The association between the polymorphisms of TNF-α and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Risk of melanoma in people with HIV/AIDS in the pre- and post-HAART eras: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- The role of prostatitis in prostate cancer: meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- High Baseline Anal Human Papillomavirus and Abnormal Anal Cytology in a Phase 3 Trial of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Older Than 26 Years: ACTG 5298.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Trial
- Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Risk of Infection-Related Cancer During Early HIV Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Trial
- Characteristics and management of low-level viraemia in people living with HIV in a resource-limited setting: A multicentre retrospective study in Greece.HIV medicine · 2026Observational
- Long-term outcomes after knee endoprosthesis for a rare HIV-associated proximal tibial osteosarcoma: 15-year follow-up.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Body composition in male hypogonadism: practical considerations to the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Viremia and Cancer Risk in 2.8 Million People: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Impact of HIV status on overall survival in head and neck cancers by anatomical site and stage: A multi-center cohort study.Oral oncology · 2025Article
- Circulating Biomarker Panorama in HIV-Associated Lymphoma: A Bridge from Early Risk Warning to Prognostic Stratification.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- HIV complicated with severe pulmonary adenocarcinoma: A case report.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer in people with HIV.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Tat-induced disruption of epithelial junctions and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral and genital epithelial cells lead to increased invasiveness of neoplastic cells and the spread of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have compared cancer risk between HIV-infected individuals and a demographically similar HIV-uninfected internal comparison group, adjusting for cancer risk factors.
methodsWe followed 20,775 HIV-infected and 215,158 HIV-uninfected individuals enrolled in Kaiser Permanente (KP) California for incident cancer from 1996 to 2008. Rate ratios (RR) were obtained from Poisson models comparing HIV-infected (overall and stratified by recent CD4 count and HIV RNA) with HIV-uninfected individuals, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, calendar period, KP region, smoking, alcohol/drug abuse, and overweight/obesity.
resultsWe observed elevated RRs for Kaposi sarcoma (KS; RR = 199; P < 0.001), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; RR = 15; P < 0.001), anal cancer (RR = 55; P < 0.001), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL; RR = 19; P < 0.001), melanoma (RR = 1.8; P = 0.001), and liver cancer (RR = 1.8; P = 0.013), a reduced RR for prostate cancer (RR = 0.8; P = 0.012), and no increased risk for oral cavity/pharynx (RR = 1.4; P = 0.14), lung (RR = 1.2; P = 0.15), or colorectal (RR = 0.9; P = 0.34) cancers. Lung and oral cavity/pharynx cancers were elevated for HIV-infected subjects in models adjusted only for demographics. KS, NHL, anal cancer, HL, and colorectal cancer had significant (P < 0.05) trends for increasing RRs with decreasing recent CD4. The RRs for lung and oral cavity/pharynx cancer were significantly elevated with CD4 < 200 cells/μL and for melanoma and liver cancer with CD4 < 500 cells/μL. Only KS and NHL were associated with HIV RNA.
conclusionImmunodeficiency was positively associated with all cancers examined except prostate cancer among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected individuals, after adjustment for several cancer risk factors. IMPACT: Earlier antiretroviral therapy initiation to maintain high CD4 levels might reduce the burden of cancer in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.