SynthesisDiabetologia2012
Association of genetic variation in FTO with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians.
Synthesis in Diabetologia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the risk of obesity in the FTO rs9939609 genotype in a multiethnic group in Asia systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association of rs9939609 in FTO with BMI among Polynesian peoples living in Aotearoa New Zealand and other Pacific nations.Journal of human genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Is the adiposity-associated FTO gene variant related to all-cause mortality independent of adiposity? Meta-analysis of data from 169,551 Caucasian adults.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2015Pooled it
- Associations of genetic variants in/near body mass index-associated genes with type 2 diabetes: a systematic meta-analysis.Clinical endocrinology · 2014Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in African Americans provides insights into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes.PLoS genetics · 2014Pooled it
- Replication of 6 obesity genes in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies from diverse ancestries.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Genetic variant in fat mass and obesity-associated gene associated with type 2 diabetes risk in Han Chinese.BMC genetics · 2013Pooled it
- The FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism predicts risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of association studies between five candidate genes and type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population.Endocrine · 2012Pooled it
- Common polymorphism near the MC4R gene is associated with type 2 diabetes: data from a meta-analysis of 123,373 individuals.Diabetologia · 2012Pooled it
- Impact of FTO genotypes on BMI and weight in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2012Pooled it
- Identification of shared genetic susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity: a meta-analysis of genome-wide studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2012Pooled it
- Association between common polymorphism near the MC4R gene and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Impact of recognition of genetic information related to BMI on changes in physical activity, dietary intake, and blood cholesterol level: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2012Trial
- Association between reproductive span and postmenopausal metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study in China.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- The CommonNutrients · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating the Relationship Between theObesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms of food preference and reward processing: a review of multifaceted influencing factors and intervention strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Comprehensive SNP-based evaluation of fat mass and obesity-associated geneJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
65 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisFTO harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for FTO in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the FTO locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.
methodsAll studies published on the association between FTO-rs9939609 (or proxy [r (2) > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.
resultsThe FTO-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (p = 9.0 × 10(-19)), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (p = 1.0 × 10(-11)) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (p = 5.5 × 10(-8)). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, p = 6.6 × 10(-5)). The FTO-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m(2) per allele (p = 2.8 × 10(-17)), WHR by 0.003/allele (p = 1.2 × 10(-6)), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (p = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12-20%) than South Asians (30-33%), the effect of FTO variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationFTO is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, FTO is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.