Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22104574›Full record

ArticleAnnals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology2012

Cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (Panc4).

C Bosetti, E Lucenteforte, D T Silverman, G Petersen, P M Bracci, B T Ji, E Negri, D Li, H A Risch, S H Olson and 22 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05595811 (The Outcome After Operation for Pancreatic and Periampullary Tumors in Greeland Inuit.), which is not on this map. Cited by 221 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
221citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05595811 completednot on this map

The Outcome After Operation for Pancreatic and Periampullary Tumors in Greeland Inuit.

TypeobservationalSponsorRigshospitalet, DenmarkRan1999 to 2021Enrolled2,326ConditionsPancreatic Neoplasms, Periampullary NeoplasmsArmsoutcome following surgery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

221 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Review
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  15. Article
  16. Pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
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  20. Article

161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

C BosettiDepartment of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. cristina.bosetti@marionegri.it
E Lucenteforte
D T Silverman
G Petersen
P M Bracci
B T Ji
E Negri
D Li
H A Risch
S H Olson
S Gallinger
A B Miller
H B Bueno-de-Mesquita
R Talamini
J Polesel
P Ghadirian
P A Baghurst
W Zatonski
E Fontham
W R Bamlet
E A Holly
P Bertuccio
Y T Gao
M Hassan
H Yu
R C Kurtz
M Cotterchio
J Su
P Maisonneuve
E J Duell
P Boffetta
C La Vecchia

Funding

Cancer Risk in Human PopulationsZIACP010136 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI PURDUE, MARK · 2009 to 2025
$36.7M
Tissue CoreP50CA102701 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI COHEN, PETER A · 2004 to 2018
$32.7M
Pancreatic Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Consortium (PACGENE)R01CA097075 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI PETERSEN, GLORIA M. · 2002 to 2012
$15.8M
Case-Control Study of Pancreas Cancer Etiologic FactorsR01CA098870 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI RISCH, HARVEY A · 2003 to 2008
$3.5M
Molecular Epidemiology of Pancreatic CancerR01CA109767 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BRACCI, PAIGE M. · 2005 to 2010
$3.2M
DNA Repair Gene Polymorphysms and Pancreatic CancerR01CA098889 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI DUELL, ERIC J · 2003 to 2005
$793k
Pancreas cancer analysis-SF Bay Area case-control studyR03CA108370 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI HOLLY, ELIZABETH A. · 2004 to 2005
$152k
MTHFR POLYMORPHISMS IN PANCREATIC CANCER IN SF BAY AREAR03CA089726 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI HOLLY, ELIZABETH A. · 2001 to 2002
$148k
INVESTIGATIONS OF TUMORS THAT OCCUR MOST AMONG BLACKSN01CP051090 · CP · BARBARA ANN KARMANOS CANCER INSTITUTE · PI SWANSON, G MARIE · 1985 to 1988
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INVESTIGATIONS OF TUMORS THAT OCCUR MOST AMONG BLACKSN01CP051092 · CP · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GREENBERG, RAYMOND S · 1985 to 1988
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INVESTIGATIONS OF TUMORS THAT OCCUR MOST AMONG BLACKSN01CP051089 · CP · NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT/HEALTH/SENIOR SRVS · PI SCHOENGERG, JANET · 1985 to 1989
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PANCREATIC CANCER CASE CONTROL STUDY IN SAN FRANCISCOR01CA059706 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI HOLLY, ELIZABETH A. · 1994 to 1998
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CIHRNCI NIH HHS 5R01-CA098870NCI NIH HHS CA098889NCI NIH HHS CA108370NCI NIH HHS CA109767NCI NIH HHS CA59706NCI NIH HHS CA89726NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-05225NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-05227NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-31022NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-51089NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-51090NCI NIH HHS N01-CP-51092NCI NIH HHS N01-PC-35136NCI NIH HHS P50 CA102701NCI NIH HHS R01 CA097075NCI NIH HHS R01 CA098870NCI NIH HHS R01 CA098889NCI NIH HHS R01 CA109767NCI NIH HHS R01 CA97075NCI NIH HHS R03 CA089726NCI NIH HHS R03 CA108370
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo evaluate the dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer and to examine the effects of temporal variables.

methodsWe analyzed data from 12 case-control studies within the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), including 6507 pancreatic cases and 12 890 controls. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) by pooling study-specific ORs using random-effects models.

resultsCompared with never smokers, the OR was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-1.3) for former smokers and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7-2.8) for current cigarette smokers, with a significant increasing trend in risk with increasing number of cigarettes among current smokers (OR=3.4 for ≥35 cigarettes per day, P for trend<0.0001). Risk increased in relation to duration of cigarette smoking up to 40 years of smoking (OR=2.4). No trend in risk was observed for age at starting cigarette smoking, whereas risk decreased with increasing time since cigarette cessation, the OR being 0.98 after 20 years.

conclusionsThis uniquely large pooled analysis confirms that current cigarette smoking is associated with a twofold increased risk of pancreatic cancer and that the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking. Risk of pancreatic cancer reaches the level of never smokers ∼20 years after quitting.

Indexed as

Case-Control StudiesHumansLogistic ModelsMultivariate AnalysisOdds RatioPancreatic NeoplasmsSensitivity and SpecificitySmoking

Identifiers

PMID22104574
PMCPMC3387822

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.