ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Toxoplasma gondii triggers release of human and mouse neutrophil extracellular traps.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of neutrophil extracellular traps induced by protozoan and helminth parasites (2008-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression: from mechanistic insights and regulatory factors to clinical detection and diagnosis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- GalNAc Carbohydrate Prevents the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Increase Myeloperoxidase Enzyme Activity in Interactions of Neutrophils and Entamoeba histolytica Preincubated With GalNAc.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- A comprehensive insight into NETosis-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in autoimmune diseases.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Beneficial effects of antioxidants on neutrophil extracellular trap formation in atherosclerosis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Neutrophils at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: Agents of Protection or Destruction?American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Review
- NET degradation attenuates ricin-induced acute lung injury and protects mice from ARDS.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Gene expression profiling in cardiac tissue of mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii: implications for immune response pathways.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The cat's out of the bag: Toxoplasma gondii provides further insight into myeloid-mediated host defense.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- A citrullinated histone H3 monoclonal antibody for immune modulation in sepsis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- IDO1 promotes Echinococcus multilocularis infection by regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote AIM2-Dependent Microglial Pyroptosis Following Stroke.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- A major Toxoplasma serine protease inhibitor protects the parasite against gut-derived serine proteases and NETosis damage.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- Neutrophil-ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Early responses of primary human and bovine monocytes, monocytic THP-1 cells and THP-1 cell-derived macrophages to vitalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils have recently been shown to release DNA-based extracellular traps that contribute to microbicidal killing and have also been implicated in autoimmunity. The role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the host response to nonbacterial pathogens has received much less attention. Here, we show that the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii elicits the production of NETs from human and mouse neutrophils. Tachyzoites of each of the three major parasite strain types were efficiently entrapped within NETs, resulting in decreased parasite viability. We also show that Toxoplasma activates a MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neutrophils and that the inhibition of this pathway leads to decreased NET formation. To determine if Toxoplasma induced NET formation in vivo, we employed a mouse intranasal infection model. We found that the administration of tachyzoites by this route induced a rapid tissue recruitment of neutrophils with evidence of extracellular DNA release. Taken together, these data indicate a role for NETs in the host innate response to protozoan infection. We propose that NET formation limits infection by direct microbicidal effects on Toxoplasma as well as by interfering with the ability of the parasite to invade target host cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.