ArticlePLoS pathogens2011
Phytophthora sojae avirulence effector Avr3b is a secreted NADH and ADP-ribose pyrophosphorylase that modulates plant immunity.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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85 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Rare Recombination in the Phytophthora sojae Genome Allows the Redefinition of a Major Avirulence Gene.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- RT-qPCR-Based Estimation ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Oomycete plant pathogens: biology, pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Identification and Functional Analysis of Potato Receptor Kinase RDA2 Proteins.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transposon sequencing revealsApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Targeted capture and cloning of Rps6 reveal redundancy in soybean resistance genes.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Genome and transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction betweenFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Metabolic hubs under attack: Effector-mediated manipulation of plant inositol phosphate signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Allelism of Rps3b and Rps11 revealed by NLR gene capture of resistance genes to Phytophthora sojae in soybean.The plant genome · 2025Article
- Genetic dissection of resistance to Phytophthora sojae using genome-wide association and linkage analysis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic and epigenetic responses shed light on soybean resistance to Phytophthora sansomeana.The plant genome · 2024Article
- PsAF5 functions as an essential adapter for PsPHB2-mediated mitophagy under ROS stress in Phytophthora sojae.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genomic and transcriptomic analyses ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- A tell tail sign: a conserved C-terminal tail-anchor domain targets a subset of pathogen effectors to the plant endoplasmic reticulum.Journal of experimental botany · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Key Defense Genes and Signaling Pathways Mediated by theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pangenomic analysis reveals plant NADProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Progress and Challenges in Elucidating the Functional Role of Effectors in the Soybean-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Evasion of plant immunity by microbial pathogens.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE4 in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici inhibits the activity of copper zinc superoxide dismutase to modulate immunity in wheat.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- RXLR effector gene Avr3a from Phytophthora sojae is recognized by Rps8 in soybean.Molecular plant pathology · 2022Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plants have evolved pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to protect themselves from infection by diverse pathogens. Avirulence (Avr) effectors that trigger plant ETI as a result of recognition by plant resistance (R) gene products have been identified in many plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi. However, the virulence functions of oomycete and fungal Avr effectors remain largely unknown. Here, we combined bioinformatics and genetics to identify Avr3b, a new Avr gene from Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen that causes soybean root rot. Avr3b encodes a secreted protein with the RXLR host-targeting motif and C-terminal W and Nudix hydrolase motifs. Some isolates of P. sojae evade perception by the soybean R gene Rps3b through sequence mutation in Avr3b and lowered transcript accumulation. Transient expression of Avr3b in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to P. capsici and P. parasitica, with significantly reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) around invasion sites. Biochemical assays confirmed that Avr3b is an ADP-ribose/NADH pyrophosphorylase, as predicted from the Nudix motif. Deletion of the Nudix motif of Avr3b abolished enzyme activity. Mutation of key residues in Nudix motif significantly impaired Avr3b virulence function but not the avirulence activity. Some Nudix hydrolases act as negative regulators of plant immunity, and thus Avr3b might be delivered into host cells as a Nudix hydrolase to impair host immunity. Avr3b homologues are present in several sequenced Phytophthora genomes, suggesting that Phytophthora pathogens might share similar strategies to suppress plant immunity.
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