Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22092449›Full record

ArticleHealth services research2012

Nonfinancial barriers and access to care for U.S. adults.

Jeffrey T Kullgren, Catherine G McLaughlin, Nandita Mitra, Katrina Armstrong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health services research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Access to Essential Services: A Critical Factor for Predicting Recovery and Quantifying Resilience.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026
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  8. "Is It Free?": Out-of-Pocket Costs for Annual Checkups Among the Insured.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
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  9. Article
  10. Barriers to urologic care following spinal cord injury.The Canadian journal of urology · 2026
    Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Race, Ethnicity, and Hemophilia: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Observational

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jeffrey T KullgrenRobert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Catherine G McLaughlin
Nandita Mitra
Katrina Armstrong

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify prevalences and predictors of nonfinancial barriers that lead to unmet need or delayed care among U.S. adults. DATA SOURCE: 2007 Health Tracking Household Survey. STUDY

designReasons for unmet need or delayed care in the previous 12 months were assigned to one of five dimensions in the Penchansky and Thomas model of access to care. Prevalences of barriers in each nonfinancial dimension were estimated for all adults and for adults with affordability barriers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between individual, household, and insurance characteristics and barriers in each access dimension. PRINCIPAL

findingsEighteen percent of U.S. adults experienced affordability barriers and 21 percent experienced nonfinancial barriers that led to unmet need or delayed care. Two-thirds of adults with affordability barriers also reported nonfinancial barriers. Young adults, women, individuals with lower incomes, parents, and persons with at least one chronic illness had higher adjusted prevalences of nonfinancial barriers.

conclusionsNonfinancial barriers are common reasons for unmet need or delayed care among U.S. adults and frequently coincide with affordability barriers. Failure to address nonfinancial barriers may limit the impact of policies that seek to expand access by improving the affordability of health care.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge FactorsAppointments and SchedulesChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth Services AccessibilityHealth Services ResearchHumansInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID22092449
PMCPMC3393009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.