Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2011
Amping up effort: effects of d-amphetamine on human effort-based decision-making.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dopaminergic Neuromodulation of Decision Making in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Prediction of the Therapeutic Response in Depression Based on an Early Neuro-computational Modeling Assessment of Motivation
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 257 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Associations of Dopamine and Serotonin With Reward and Punishment Processes in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Positive Valence System in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neuropsychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of methamphetamine on human effort task performance are unrelated to its subjective effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Effects of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonism on the neural processing of social and nonsocial rewards.Human brain mapping · 2024Trial
- Functional connectivity in reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia as therapeutic targets in depression with high inflammation: evidence from a dopamine challenge study.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Examining the reliability and validity of two versions of the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT).PloS one · 2022Trial
- Acute drug effects differentially predict desire to take dextroamphetamine again for work and recreation.Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effects of stress-induced inflammation on reward processing in healthy young women.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Trial
- Lipopolysaccharide Alters Motivated Behavior in a Monetary Reward Task: a Randomized Trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Anhedonia Is Associated with Poorer Outcomes in Contingency Management for Cocaine Use Disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Trial
- Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis 'amotivational' hypotheses.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Pre-encoding administration of amphetamine or THC preferentially modulates emotional memory in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Effort, timing and choice: a refined rodent effort choice task with excellent sensitivity to dopamine modulators.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Effort and substance use: differentiating tobacco use through reinforcement learning of effort based decision making.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Computational phenotypes underlying effort-based decision-making and negative symptoms in a transdiagnostic severe mental illness sample.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Shared and distinct features of common effort-based decision-making paradigms and their relation to brain structure and neuropsychiatric conditions: An integrated narrative review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Effort and Substance Use: Differentiating Tobacco Use Through Reinforcement Learning of Effort Based Decision Making.Research square · 2026Article
- Dopamine Boosts Motivation for Prosocial Effort in Parkinson's Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Impaired effort allocation in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Animal studies suggest the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays an important role in decision-making. In rats, DA depletion decreases tolerance for effort and probability costs, while drugs enhancing DA increase tolerance for these costs. However, data regarding the effect of DA manipulations on effort and probability costs in humans remain scarce. The current study examined acute effects of d-amphetamine, an indirect DA agonist, on willingness of healthy human volunteers to exert effort for monetary rewards at varying levels of reward value and reward probability. Based on preclinical research, we predicted amphetamine would increase exertion of effort, particularly when reward probability was low. Over three sessions, 17 healthy normal adults received placebo, d-amphetamine 10 mg, and 20 mg under counterbalanced double-blind conditions and completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task. Consistent with predictions, amphetamine enhanced willingness to exert effort, particularly when reward probability was lower. Amphetamine did not alter effects of reward magnitude on willingness to exert effort. Amphetamine sped task performance, but its psychomotor effects were not strongly related to its effects on decision-making. This is the first demonstration in humans that dopaminergic manipulations alter willingness to exert effort for rewards. These findings help elucidate neurochemical substrates of choice, with implications for neuropsychiatric diseases characterized by dopaminergic dysfunction and motivational deficits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.