ArticlePsychological medicine2012
Depressed mood enhances anxiety to unpredictable threat.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Stress and Psychosocial Distress Scale with Blunted Oscillatory Dynamics Serving Abstract Reasoning.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- Factors associated with anxiety and depression in patients with erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2023Article
- Threat of shock promotes passive avoidance, but not active avoidance.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Article
- Event-related potentials to acoustic startle probes during unpredictable threat are associated with individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Effect of early maternal separation stress on attention, spatial learning and social interaction behaviour.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
- Profiling coping strategies in male and female rats: Potential neurobehavioral markers of increased resilience to depressive symptoms.Hormones and behavior · 2017Article
- Anxiety and Depression Symptom Dimensions Demonstrate Unique Relationships with the Startle Reflex in Anticipation of Unpredictable Threat in 8 to 14 Year-Old Girls.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2017Article
- Startle potentiation to uncertain threat as a psychophysiological indicator of fear-based psychopathology: An examination across multiple internalizing disorders.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2017Article
- Insula response to unpredictable and predictable aversiveness in individuals with panic disorder and comorbid depression.Biology of mood & anxiety disorders · 2014Article
- The impact of anxiety upon cognition: perspectives from human threat of shock studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2013Article
- The Role of Chronic Stress in Anxious Depression.Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression and anxiety disorders (ADs) are highly co-morbid, but the reason for this co-morbidity is unclear. One possibility is that they predispose one another. An informative way to examine interactions between disorders without the confounds present in patient populations is to manipulate the psychological processes thought to underlie the pathological states in healthy individuals. In this study we therefore asked whether a model of the sad mood in depression can enhance psychophysiological responses (startle) to a model of the anxiety in ADs. We predicted that sad mood would increase anxious anxiety-potentiated startle responses.
methodIn a between-subjects design, participants (n=36) completed either a sad mood induction procedure (MIP; n=18) or a neutral MIP (n=18). Startle responses were assessed during short-duration predictable electric shock conditions (fear-potentiated startle) or long-duration unpredictable threat of shock conditions (anxiety-potentiated startle).
resultsInduced sadness enhanced anxiety- but not fear-potentiated startle.
conclusionsThis study provides support for the hypothesis that sadness can increase anxious responding measured by the affective startle response. This, taken together with prior evidence that ADs can contribute to depression, provides initial experimental support for the proposition that ADs and depression are frequently co-morbid because they may be mutually reinforcing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.