ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Constitutive exposure of phosphatidylserine on viable cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid flip-flop in biological membranes: through the lens of TMEM16F.Physiological reviews · 2027Review
- NINJ1: implications for plasma membrane rupture and disease.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Cancer: Biology, Immune Suppression, and Emerging Theragnostic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- De Novo Design Strategies of Nanomedicines for Diabetic Wound Microenvironment Remodeling.BME frontiers · 2026Review
- Neutrophil efferocytosis in chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Simulation-based survey of TMEM16 family reveals that robust lipid scrambling requires an open groove.eLife · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle Lipids and Their Role in Delivery.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Simulation-based survey of TMEM16 family reveals that robust lipid scrambling requires an open groove.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Substrates, regulation, cellular functions, and disease associations of P4-ATPases.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Synaptic Pruning by Microglia: Lessons from Genetic Studies in Mice.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Of Tingible Bodies and Starry Skies: Control of Normal and Malignant Tissues Through Apoptotic Cell-Dependent Communication (ACDC).Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Circular RNAs at the crossroads of acute pancreatitis: bridging molecular mechanisms to diagnostic and therapeutic innovations.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Review
- Microglial mechanisms of viable retinal ganglion cell elimination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- HEK293 Cell-Based Assay to Measure the Lipid Scrambling Activity of TMEM16 Family Members.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Phosphatidylserine phospholipase A1 enables GPR34-dependent immune cell accumulation in the peritoneal cavity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apoptotic cells are quickly recognized and engulfed by phagocytes to prevent the release of noxious materials from dying cells. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells is a proposed "eat-me" signal for the phagocytes. Transmembrane protein 16F (TMEM16F), a membrane protein with eight transmembrane segments, has the Ca-dependent phospholipid scramblase activity. Here we show that when lymphoma cells were transformed with a constitutively active form of TMEM16F, they exposed a high level of PS that was comparable to that observed on apoptotic cells. The PS-exposing cells were morphologically normal and grew normally. They efficiently responded to interleukin 3 and underwent apoptosis upon treatment with Fas ligand. The viable PS-exposing cells bound to peritoneal macrophages at 4 °C, but not at 25 °C. Accordingly, these cells were not engulfed by macrophages. When apoptotic cells were injected i.v. into mice, they were phagocytosed by CD11c(+)CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in the spleen, but the PS-exposing living cells were not phagocytosed by these DCs. Furthermore, when PS-exposing lymphoma cells were transplanted s.c. into nude mice, they generated tumors as efficiently as parental lymphoma cells that did not expose PS. These results indicated that PS exposure alone is not sufficient to be recognized by macrophages as an eat-me signal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.