ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Glucocorticoid therapy of antigen-induced arthritis depends on the dimerized glucocorticoid receptor in T cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ixekizumab in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis with and without elevated C-reactive protein or positive magnetic resonance imaging.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Trial
- JAK/STAT inhibition protects glucocorticoid receptor knockout mice from lethal malaria-induced hypoglycemia and hyperinflammation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Tau is a receptor with low affinity for glucocorticoids and is required for glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.Cell research · 2025Article
- Intact GR dimerization is critical for restraining plasma ACTH levels during chronic psychosocial stress.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- T Cell Energy Metabolism Is a Target of Glucocorticoids in Mice, Healthy Humans, and MS Patients.Cells · 2023Article
- Cell-Specific Immune Regulation by Glucocorticoids in Murine Models of Infection and Inflammation.Cells · 2022Review
- Dimerization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Its Importance in (Patho)physiology: A Primer.Cells · 2022Review
- Review
- Local steroid activation is a critical mediator of the anti-inflammatory actions of therapeutic glucocorticoids.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Article
- Multiplex Fluorescent Bead-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Distinct Glucocorticoid Receptor Actions in Bone Homeostasis and Bone Diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Impact of downstream effects of glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction on organ function in critical illness-associated systemic inflammation.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Review
- Control of immunity by glucocorticoids in health and disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Article
- Therapeutic glucocorticoids: mechanisms of actions in rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Review
- Intact Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Is Deleterious in Trauma-Induced Impaired Fracture Healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Arthritis and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids.Bone research · 2020Review
- Dendritic Cell Accumulation in the Gut and Central Nervous System Is Differentially Dependent on α4 Integrins.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Glucocorticoids Shape Macrophage Phenotype for Tissue Repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Impaired Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimerization Aggravates LPS-Induced Circulatory and Pulmonary Dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite several side effects, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used for 60 y to treat rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of their antiinflammatory effects. However, the cells targeted by GCs and the transcriptional mechanisms underlying their actions through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in steroid therapy remain poorly defined. Using cell type-specific GR-deficient mice subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) as a model of human rheumatoid arthritis, we show that GC action on T cells but not myeloid cells is critical for therapeutic intervention in AIA. Furthermore, the resistance of mice expressing a DNA binding-defective GR (GR(dim)) to GC treatment reveals that dimerization of the GR is indispensable for the antiinflammatory effects. In these mice, the GC-induced suppression of T(H)1 and T(H)17 cell-derived proinflammatory cytokines is impaired. Our finding that IL-17A(-/-) mice are resistant to GC therapy, whereas IFN-γ(-/-) mice respond as efficiently as WT mice implies that IL-17-producing T cells and not IFN-γ-producing T cells are the most important targets for an efficient GC therapy. The present study's identification of the critical cell type and the mode of GR action in steroid therapy of AIA significantly advances our understanding of steroid therapy and should lead to therapies with greater efficiency and fewer side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.