Trial reportThe American journal of Chinese medicine2011
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of ginsenoside metabolites in human plasma.
Trial report in The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the acute and chronic benefits of American Ginseng (Cereboost®) on mood and cognition in healthy young adults, including in vitro investigation of gut microbiota changes as a possible mechanism of action.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Significant difference in active metabolite levels of ginseng in humans consuming Asian or Western diet: The link with enteric microbiota.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2017Trial
- Review
- American Ginseng (Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Pharmacological Basis of Xianling Cifang Granules Against Breast Cancer. A Metabolomic Profiling Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Advances in ginsenoside treatment for common kidney diseases: pharmacological evaluation and potential mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Endophytic fungi of Panax sokpayensis produce bioactive ginsenoside Compound K in flask fermentation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Notoginsenoside-R1 ameliorates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in HUVEC via Nrf2/ARE pathway.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Detection of 13 Ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, F1, Compound K, 20(Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Gut microbiota: a new angle for traditional herbal medicine research.RSC advances · 2019Review
- Fecal metabolomic dataset of American ginseng-treated DSS mice: Correlation between ginseng enteric inflammation inhibition and its biological signatures.Data in brief · 2018Article
- Effects of compound K, an enteric microbiome metabolite of ginseng, in the treatment of inflammation associated colon cancer.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- The Effects of a Korean Ginseng, GINST15, on Perceptual Effort, Psychomotor Performance, and Physical Performance in Men and Women.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2018Article
- Identification of the lipid biomarkers from plasma in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by Lipidomics.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2017Article
- Article
- Compound K attenuates stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1)-induced migration of C6 glioma cells.Nutrition research and practice · 2016Article
- Determination of American ginseng saponins and their metabolites in human plasma, urine and feces samples by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2016Article
- Identification of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 as the Major Isozyme Responsible for the Glucuronidation of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in Human Liver Microsomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Enhanced Absorption Study of Ginsenoside Compound K (20-O-β-(D-Glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol) after Oral Administration of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract (HYFRG™) in Healthy Korean Volunteers and Rats.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Article
- Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Major Constituents in Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
American ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in the United States. When ginseng is taken orally, its active components, ginsenosides, are reportedly biotransformed by intestinal microbiota. Previous pharmacokinetic evaluations of ginseng in humans have focused on its parent constituents. However, the metabolites, especially those transformed by intestinal microbiota, have not been carefully studied. We used an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOF-MS) method to determine 15 ginsenosides and/or metabolites and their bioavailability in humans. Six healthy human subjects received a single oral dose of 10 g of American ginseng root powder, after which samples of their blood were collected at 0, 2, 4, 7, 9 and 12 h for measurement of ginsenoside/metabolite levels in plasma. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Rg2 and compound K (C-K) were detected in human plasma samples at different time points. The Rb1 concentration peak was 19.90 ± 5.43 ng/ml at 4 h. C-K was detected from 7 h to 12 h with 7.32 ± 1.35 ng/ml at 12 h. Since the last time point was at 12 h, C-K peak level was not observed. The areas under the concentration curves (AUC) from 0 to 12 h were 155.0 ± 19.5 ng⋅h/ml for Rb1 and 26.4 ± 6.4 ng⋅h/ml for C-K, respectively. The gradual decrease of Rb1 levels and the delayed increase in levels of C-K observed in human subjects supported previous reports that enteric microbiota played a key role in transforming Rb1 to C-K.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.