ArticleInfection and immunity2012
The enolase of Borrelia burgdorferi is a plasminogen receptor released in outer membrane vesicles.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface enolase is a virulence factor ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Tiny packages, big potential: bacterial membrane vesicles in vaccinology.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Lipid scavenging by the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Evaluating Outer Membrane Vesicle Isolation Techniques forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Functional Cargo in Membrane Vesicles From a Citrus Pathogen.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- The Regulatory Mechanisms of Treponema pallidum Enolase on Macrophages: From Enzymatic Activity to Signal Transduction.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles for gut microbiome-host communication and drug development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Article
- Purification of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Vesicles.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The Applications and Potentials of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources in Periodontal Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Emerging role of microbiota derived outer membrane vesicles to preventive, therapeutic and diagnostic proposes.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Article
- Beyond cuts and scrapes: plasmin in malaria and other vector-borne diseases.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Article
- Streptomyces coelicolor Vesicles: Many Molecules To Be Delivered.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Human Health and Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Gene Transfer Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Endogenous and Borrowed Proteolytic Activity in theMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2021Review
- The peptidoglycan-associated protein NapA plays an important role in the envelope integrity and in the pathogenesis of the lyme disease spirochete.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, has a number of outer membrane proteins that are differentially regulated during its life cycle. In addition to their physiological functions in the organism, these proteins also likely serve different functions in invasiveness and immune evasion. In borreliae, as well as in other bacteria, a number of membrane proteins have been implicated in binding plasminogen. The activation and transformation of plasminogen into its proteolytically active form, plasmin, enhances the ability of the bacteria to disseminate in the host. Outer membrane vesicles of B. burgdorferi contain enolase, a glycolytic-cycle enzyme that catalyzes 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate, which is also a known plasminogen receptor in Gram-positive bacteria. The enolase was cloned, expressed, purified, and used to generate rabbit antienolase serum. The enolase binds plasminogen in a lysine-dependent manner but not through ionic interactions. Although it is present in the outer membrane, microscopy and proteinase K treatment showed that enolase does not appear to be exposed on the surface. However, enolase in the outer membrane vesicles is accessible to proteolytic degradation by proteinase K. Samples from experimentally and tick-infected mice and rabbits as well as from Lyme disease patients exhibit recognition of enolase in serologic assays. Thus, this immunogenic plasminogen receptor released in outer membrane vesicles could be responsible for external proteolysis in the pericellular environment and have roles in nutrition and in enhancing dissemination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.