Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22082243›Full record

ArticleTransfusion2012

DARC alleles and Duffy phenotypes in African Americans.

Pirmin Schmid, Kanaeko R Ravenell, Sherry L Sheldon, Willy A Flegel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transfusion, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Impact ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The highest Duffy (Health science reports · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Defining Blood Group Gene Reference Alleles by Long-Read Sequencing: Proof of Concept in theTransfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2020
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Molecular basis of the Duffy blood group system.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2018
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The Lombardy Rare Donor Programme.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2014
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Pirmin SchmidDepartment of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Kanaeko R Ravenell
Sherry L Sheldon
Willy A Flegel
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center · US

Funding

Molecular Immunohematology in Ethiopian Sub-populationsZIACL002123 · CLC · CLINICAL CENTER · PI FLEGEL, WILLY · 2012 to 2025
$0k
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 CL999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe DARC (Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor) gene encodes for a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a chemokine transporter, is a receptor for Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi, and expresses the Duffy blood group antigens (Fy). The Fy(a-b-) phenotype found in people of African descent is typically associated with a -67t>c mutation in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), which prevents red blood cells being invaded by P. vivax and P. knowlesi. The aim of this study was to establish DARC allele frequencies in an African American blood donor cohort, determine a phylogenetic tree for DARC, and compare human and Neandertal DARC genes. STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsThe DARC nucleotide sequence of 54 African American blood donors was determined from genomic DNA. Heterozygous substitutions were resolved by sequencing of haplotype-specific amplifications. A phylogenetic tree for DARC was established using the neighbor-joining method with Pan troglodytes as root.

resultsA total of 108 haplotypes of the DARC gene could be unambiguously determined from nucleotide position -300 in the 5' UTR to +300 in the 3' UTR. Eleven different alleles were found, including the clinically relevant FY*A, FY*B, FY*B-67C, FY*B298A, and FY*X alleles. All phenotype predictions based on genotypes matched the serologically determined phenotypes exactly: 52% Fy(a-b-), 28% Fy(a-b+), and 20% Fy(a+b-).

conclusionsThe nucleotide sequencing approach using one amplicon is a practical genotyping method for DARC and allows the determination of haplotypes even in heterozygous constellations. We developed a phylogenetic tree for DARC alleles and postulated a distinct FY*B allele as ancestral for the extant DARC alleles in humans.

Indexed as

AllelesAnimalsBlack or African AmericanDuffy Blood-Group SystemGene FrequencyGenotypeHumansNeanderthalsPhenotypePhylogenyReceptors, Cell SurfaceSequence Analysis, DNAACKR1 protein, humanDuffy Blood-Group SystemReceptors, Cell Surface

Identifiers

PMID22082243
PMCPMC3374024
OpenAlexW1525484389

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.