ArticleRetrovirology2011
A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors.
Article in Retrovirology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- The HIV-1 restriction factor RPRD2 does not inhibit transcription of HIV-1 or endogenous retroelements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- microRNA-422a promotes HIV replication and innate immune evasion by targeting MECP2.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- Review
- Antiviral factors and their counteraction by HIV-1: many uncovered and more to be discovered.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- The cell biology of HIV-1 latency and rebound.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- Keep quiet: the HUSH complex in transcriptional silencing and disease.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation at repetitive elements in mammals.The EMBO journal · 2023Review
- Article
- Day-night and seasonal variation of human gene expression across tissues.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic profiling implicates PAF1 in both active and repressive immune regulatory networks.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2022: Florence Margottin-Goguet.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Host T Cell Dedifferentiation Effects Drive HIV-1 Latency Stability.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- Day-night and seasonal variation of human gene expression across tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- The diverse roles of miRNAs in HIV pathogenesis: Current understanding and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUpon cellular entry retroviruses must avoid innate restriction factors produced by the host cell. For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) human restriction factors, APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein-B-mRNA-editing-enzyme), p21 and tetherin are well characterised.
resultsTo identify intrinsic resistance factors to HIV-1 replication we screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of infection. Those with a known function are involved in a broad spectrum of cellular processes including receptor signalling, vesicle trafficking, transcription, apoptosis, cross-nuclear membrane transport, meiosis, DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and RNA processing. We focused on the PAF1 complex which has been previously implicated in gene transcription, cell cycle control and mRNA surveillance. Knockdown of all members of the PAF1 family of proteins enhanced HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration of provirus. Over-expression of PAF1 in host cells renders them refractory to HIV-1. Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and HIV-2 are also restricted in PAF1 expressing cells. PAF1 is expressed in primary monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes and we demonstrate strong activity in MonoMac1, a monocyte cell line.
conclusionsWe propose that the PAF1c establishes an anti-viral state to prevent infection by incoming retroviruses. This previously unrecognised mechanism of restriction could have implications for invasion of cells by any pathogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.