ArticleNature2011
Self-formation of functional adenohypophysis in three-dimensional culture.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers.
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Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 491 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional analysis of adrenocorticotropic-hormone-producing pituitary cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells in murine and primate models of hypopituitarism.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Generation of Functional GnRH-Responsive Pituitary-like Organoids from Ovine Embryonic Stem Cells.Cells · 2026Article
- Emerging human cell-based in vitro models for studying pituitary development and disorders.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Emerging applications of human iPSCs in pituitary diseases.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Organoid-based systems for biomedical innovation: advances in disease modeling, drug screening, and precision medicine.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advances and continuing challenges in differentiation of stem cells to human kidney tissue.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Generation and characterization of vestibular inner ear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Cushing's Disease in the Animal Kingdom: Translational Insights for Human Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Modeling of T cell-mediated autoimmune pituitary disease using human induced pluripotent stem cell-originated organoid.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Prediction of the hypothalamus-pituitary organoid formation using machine learning.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Differentiation Defect Into GABAergic Neurons in Cerebral Organoids From Autism Patients.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Benchmark for Setting ACTH Cell Dosage in Clinical Regenerative Medicine for Post-Operative Hypopituitarism.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic models of Cushing's disease : From cells, in vivo transgenic models to human pituitary organoids.Pituitary · 2025Review
- Human Pituitary Organoids: Transcriptional Landscape Deciphered by scRNA-Seq and Stereo-Seq, with Insights into SOX3's Role in Pituitary Development.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland exhibit mesenchymal stem cell characteristics.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- The next generation of regenerative dentistry: From tooth development biology to periodontal tissue, dental pulp, and whole tooth reconstruction in the clinical setting.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Understanding of Gonadotrope Lineage Differentiation in the Developing Pituitary.Neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Relationship between Pituitary Gland and Stem Cell in the Aspect of Hormone Production and Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is a major centre for systemic hormones. At present, no efficient stem-cell culture for its generation is available, partly because of insufficient knowledge about how the pituitary primordium (Rathke's pouch) is induced in the embryonic head ectoderm. Here we report efficient self-formation of three-dimensional adenohypophysis tissues in an aggregate culture of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. ES cells were stimulated to differentiate into non-neural head ectoderm and hypothalamic neuroectoderm in adjacent layers within the aggregate, and treated with hedgehog signalling. Self-organization of Rathke's-pouch-like three-dimensional structures occurred at the interface of these two epithelia, as seen in vivo, and various endocrine cells including corticotrophs and somatotrophs were subsequently produced. The corticotrophs efficiently secreted adrenocorticotropic hormone in response to corticotrophin releasing hormone and, when grafted in vivo, these cells rescued the systemic glucocorticoid level in hypopituitary mice. Thus, functional anterior pituitary tissue self-forms in ES cell culture, recapitulating local tissue interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.