Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22080425›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2012

Signs and symptoms predicting influenza in children: a matched case-control analysis of prospectively collected clinical data.

S Heinonen, V Peltola, H Silvennoinen, T Vahlberg, T Heikkinen

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Burden of influenza during the first year of life.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Performance of influenza case definitions for influenza community surveillance: based on the French influenza surveillance network GROG, 2009-2014.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

S HeinonenDepartment of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. shhein@utu.fi
V Peltola
H Silvennoinen
T Vahlberg
T Heikkinen
Turku University Hospital · FIUniversity of Turku · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We aimed to determine whether there are signs or symptoms that could help clinicians to distinguish between influenza and other respiratory infections. The clinical data for this matched case-control analysis were derived from a 2-year prospective cohort study of respiratory infections among children aged≤13 years. At any signs of respiratory infection, the children were examined and nasal swabs were obtained for virologic analyses. Cases were 353 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and controls were 353 children with respiratory symptoms who tested negative for influenza. Cases and controls were matched for gender, age, and timing of the visit. In the multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses, fever was the only sign that independently predicted influenza virus infection, with odds ratios ranging from 13.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.90-26.63) to 50.10 (95% CI, 16.25-154.45), depending on the degree of fever. In all analyses, the predictive capability of fever increased with incremental elevations in the child's temperature. The likelihood ratio of fever≥40.0°C in predicting influenza was 6.00 (95% CI, 2.80-12.96). Among unselected children seen as outpatients during influenza outbreaks, fever is the only reliable predictor of influenza virus infection. The optimal use of influenza-specific antiviral drugs in children may require virologic confirmation.

Indexed as

Case-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleFeverHumansInfantInfluenza, HumanMaleNasal MucosaOrthomyxoviridaePredictive Value of TestsProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID22080425
OpenAlexW2051621090

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.