ReviewFrontiers in neuroendocrinology2012
Estrogen neuroprotection and the critical period hypothesis.
Review in Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex hormones, the gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases: Lifespan perspective.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Galactic cosmic radiation produces sex-specific, circuit-selective cognitive vulnerability: countermeasure trade-offs revealed by multi-domain assessment.Research square · 2026Article
- Sex differences in memory impairments after traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and models.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Not your mother's hormone therapy: Highly selective estrogen receptor beta agonists as next-generation therapies for menopausal symptom relief.Hormones and behavior · 2025Review
- Estrogen metabolites and hydrogen peroxide - Missing elements in the pathophysiology and possible treatment of treatment-resistant depression?Redox biology · 2025Article
- Systemic oxidative stress levels and their associations with the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and treatment response.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Remote Ischemia Postconditioning Mitigates Hippocampal Neuron Impairment by Modulating Cav1.2-CaMKIIα-Aromatase Signaling After Global Cerebral Ischemia in Ovariectomized Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- In vivo brain estrogen receptor density by neuroendocrine aging and relationships with cognition and symptomatology.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations Between Midlife Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use, Incident Diabetes, and Late Life Memory in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (Ndrg2): A Critical Mediator of Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Polyphenols for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: New Applications and Insights.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Estrogen receptors mediate the antidepressant effects of aerobic exercise: A possible new mechanism.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Early Alzheimer's disease-like reductions in gray matter and cognitive function with aging in nonhuman primates.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2022Article
- Associations between abdominal adipose tissue, reproductive span, and brain characteristics in post-menopausal women.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Article
- Electroacupuncture reactivates estrogen receptors to restore the neuroprotective effect of estrogen against cerebral ischemic stroke in long-term ovariectomized rats.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- New insights into targeting mitochondria in ischemic injury.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2021Review
- Clinical impact of estradiol/testosterone ratio in patients with acute ischemic stroke.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the endocrine system: Are there any further ties to be explored?Aging brain · 2021Review
- The Role of Estrogen Receptors and Their Signaling across Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Role of Estradiol in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanism and Treatment Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (estradiol or E2) is implicated as a neuroprotective factor in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying E2 neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia, as well as emerging evidence from basic science and clinical studies, which suggests that there is a "critical period" for estradiol's beneficial effect in the brain. Potential mechanisms underlying the critical period are discussed, as are the neurological consequences of long-term E2 deprivation (LTED) in animals and in humans after natural menopause or surgical menopause. We also summarize the major clinical trials concerning postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), comparing their outcomes with respect to cardiovascular and neurological disease and discussing their relevance to the critical period hypothesis. Finally, potential caveats, controversies and future directions for the field are highlighted and discussed throughout the review.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.