ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology2012
Excitation, inhibition, local oscillations, or large-scale loops: what causes the symptoms of schizophrenia?
Review in Current opinion in neurobiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glutamatergic Modulation of Brain Function in Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): from basic mechanisms towards first applications in psychiatry.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- A Canonical Correlation Approach Towards Identifying Latent Neurofeedback Responses in Patients with Schizophrenia.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Trial
- Quantitative electroencephalography parameters as neurophysiological biomarkers of schizophrenia-related deficits: A Phase II substudy of patients treated with iclepertin (BI 425809).Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Validation of ketamine as a pharmacological model of thalamic dysconnectivity across the illness course of schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Developmental Brain Network Trajectories Differentiate Resilience and Vulnerability to Psychosis in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Sharp-Wave EEG Activity and Cytomegalovirus Exposure in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Neuroimmune Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Disorganized Inhibitory Dynamics in Hippocampal area CA1 of 22q11.2 Deletion Mutant Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of thoughts-novel candidate marker for differential-diagnosis of mental disorders?Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Review
- The phantastic organ: predictive processing in the brain.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Neurochemical changes in GABA+, Glx, and the excitatory/inhibitory ratio in the calcarine cortex with healthy aging.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Neurobiological and emotional impact of occupational stress in frontline police officers: a neuroimaging and neurochemical study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Nucleus Reuniens-Elicited Delta Oscillations Disable the Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.Cells · 2025Review
- Large-scale maps of altered cortical dynamics in early-stage psychosis are related to GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.Science advances · 2025Article
- Excitatory/inhibitory ratio disruption modulates neural synchrony and flow directions in a cortical microcircuit.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The Functional Anatomy of Nociception: Effective Connectivity in Chronic Pain and Placebo Response.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reduced temporal variability of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Local connections among excitatory neurons underlie characteristics of enriched environment exposure-induced neuronal response modulation in layers 2/3 of the mouse V1.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Article
- Synaptic effects on the intermittent synchronization of gamma rhythms.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- Excitation-inhibition imbalance in medial preoptic area circuits underlies chronic stress-induced depression-like states.Nature communications · 2024Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
What causes the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia? The importance of circuits is underscored by the finding that no single gene contributes strongly to the disease. Thus, some circuit abnormality to which many proteins can contribute is the likely cause. There are several major hypotheses regarding the circuitry involved: first, a change in the balance of excitation/inhibition in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); second, abnormal EEG oscillations in the gamma range; third, an increase in theta/delta EEG power related to changes in the thalamus (particularly midline nuclei); fourth, hyperactivity in the hippocampus and consequent dopamine hyperfunction; and fifth, deficits in corollary discharge. Evidence for these hypotheses will be reviewed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.