ArticleBrain structure & function2012
High expression of retinoic acid receptors and synthetic enzymes in the human hippocampus.
Article in Brain structure & function, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Encephalopathy in a Patient With Chronic Isotretinoin Exposure and Frequent Rizatriptan Use: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Transcriptome Analysis of the Hippocampus in Domestic Laying Hens with Different Fear Responses to the Tonic Immobility Test.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Abundance of single filamentous bacteria, and expression of differentiated Th17 cells, their signature cytokine IL-17 A, and retinoic acid receptor are predictive of poor rotavirus vaccine take.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of gene expression in the human dentate gyrus reveals age-associated changes in cellular maturation and neuroinflammation.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The association of vitamin deficiency with depression risk in late-life depression: a review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Modification of lysine-260 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation destabilizes ALDH1A1 expression to regulate bladder cancer progression.iScience · 2023Article
- Control by the brain of vitamin A homeostasis.iScience · 2023Article
- Retinoid homeostasis in major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase in solid tumors and other diseases: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.MedComm · 2023Review
- Clozapine modulates retinoid homeostasis in human brain and normalizes serum retinoic acid deficit in patients with schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Neurosensory Rehabilitation and Olfactory Network Recovery in Covid-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Multifaceted Regulation of ALDH1A1 by Cdk5 in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Age-Related Expression of a Repeat-Rich Intergenic Long Noncoding RNA in the Rat Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Optic nerve injury upregulates retinoic acid signaling in the adult frog visual system.Journal of chemical neuroanatomy · 2016Article
- Expression of the retinoic acid catabolic enzyme CYP26B1 in the human brain to maintain signaling homeostasis.Brain structure & function · 2016Article
- Targeting Retinoid Receptors to Treat Schizophrenia: Rationale and Progress to Date.CNS drugs · 2016Review
- All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Expression of a Novel Intergenic Long Noncoding RNA in Adult rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2016Article
- Expression in the human brain of retinoic acid induced 1, a protein associated with neurobehavioural disorders.Brain structure & function · 2015Article
- Increased expression of retinoic acid-induced gene 1 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Article
- The expression and roles of Nde1 and Ndel1 in the adult mammalian central nervous system.Neuroscience · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinoic acid, the active form of the nutrient vitamin A, regulates several facets of neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus, including neurogenesis and synaptic strength, acting via specific retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Essential for conversion of vitamin A to retinoic acid is the enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) and in the rodent hippocampus this is only present in the adjacent meninges where it must act as a locally released paracrine hormone. Little is known though about the expression of RALDHs and RARs in the human hippocampus. This study confirms that RALDH levels are very low in mouse neurons but, surprisingly, strong expression of RALDH protein is detected by immunohistochemistry in hippocampal neurons. The receptors RARα, β and γ were also detected, each receptor exhibiting differing subcellular locations implying their potential regulation of both transcription and non-genomic actions. These results imply an essential function of retinoic acid in the human hippocampus likely to include regulation of neuronal plasticity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.