ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2011
Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04304950 (Chronotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chronotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- MMF Is an Effective and Safer Treatment Options for Treatment-Naïve Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis Compared to Azathioprine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of digestive diseasesPooled it
- Effects of allopurinol on 6-mercaptopurine metabolism in unselected patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective phase II study.Haematologica · 2024Trial
- Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Beyond rheumatology: Reconsidering methotrexate for Crohn's disease in the biologic era.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Influence of xanthine oxidase and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase polymorphisms on 6-mercaptopurine treatment response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Difficult to treat and refractory autoimmune hepatitis: Recent advances in pharmacological management.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Laboratory Tests in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Evidence-Based Approach to Daily Practice.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Atypical Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Red Herring.ACG case reports journal · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Utility and Gaps.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Azathioprine metabolite levels and outcomes during pregnancies with rheumatic disease.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- The microbiome landscape in pediatric Crohn's disease and therapeutic implications.Gut microbes · 2023Review
- Pharmacomicrobiomics of cell-cycle specific anti-cancer drugs - is it a new perspective for personalized treatment of cancer patients?Gut microbes · 2023Review
- Long-term safety and effectiveness of azathioprine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: A real-world experience.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2023Article
- Long-term efficacy and tolerability of dose-adjusted thiopurine treatment in maintaining remission in inflammatory bowel disease patients with NUDT15 heterozygosity.Intestinal research · 2022Article
- Nurse-Provided Medication Guidance for Improving Drug Adherence to Thiopurines in Outpatients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-Center Prospective Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2022Article
- Nudix Hydroxylase 15 Mutations Strongly Predict Thiopurine-Induced Leukopenia Across Different Asian Ethnicities: Implications for Screening in a Diverse Population.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting Ulcerative Colitis Flare-Ups: Associations With Smoking Habits and Other Patient Characteristics.Cureus · 2021Article
- Optimization of the IL-2 Luc assay for immunosuppressive drugs: a novel in vitro immunotoxicity test with high sensitivity and predictivity.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus specific immunity in patients with ulcerative colitis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thiopurine drugs, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine, are efficacious in the arsenal of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. Previous reports indicate that 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels correlate with therapeutic efficacy, whereas high 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) levels are associated with hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity. Due to their complex metabolism, there is wide individual variation in patient response therein, both in achieving therapeutic drug levels as well as in developing adverse reactions. Several strategies to optimize 6-TGN while minimizing 6-MMP levels have been adopted to administer the thiopurine class of drugs to patients who otherwise would not tolerate these drugs due to side-effects. In this report, we will review different approaches to administer the thiopurine medications, including the administration of 6-mercaptopurine in those unsuccessfully treated with azathioprine; co-administration of thiopurine with allopurinol; co-administration of thiopurine with anti-tumor necrosis factor α; 6-TGN administration; desensitization trials; and split dosing of 6-MP.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.