ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2011
Phox2b-expressing neurons of the parafacial region regulate breathing rate, inspiration, and expiration in conscious rats.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining PHOX2B-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders as Circuitopathies: A New Paradigm in Autonomic Network Medicine.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- μ-Opioid receptor signalling enhances Kir3 currents in glutamatergic preBötzinger complex neurons in mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Retrotrapezoid nucleus chemoreception: mechanisms of function and contributions to disordered breathing in disease.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Functional modulation of retrotrapezoid neurons drives fentanyl-induced respiratory depression.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Respiratory and Metabolic Effects of Active Expiration in Freely Behaving Rats.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Interactions between Arousal State and COThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Respiratory Depression Associated with Opioids: A Narrative Review.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Genetic identification of medullary neurons underlying congenital hypoventilation.Science advances · 2024Article
- Article
- Kir4.1 channels contribute to astrocyte COCommunications biology · 2024Article
- The Coding Logic of Interoception.Annual review of physiology · 2024Review
- Contributions of carotid bodies, retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons and preBötzinger complex astrocytes to the COThe Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Whole-brain analysis of CObioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Neuromedin B-Expressing Neurons in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Regulate Respiratory Homeostasis and Promote Stable Breathing in Adult Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Upregulation of breathing rate during running exercise by central locomotor circuits in mice.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Criteria for central respiratory chemoreceptors: experimental evidence supporting current candidate cell groups.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Neural bases for the genesis and COFrontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The retrotrapezoid nucleus contains Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons (RTN-Phox2b neurons) that regulate breathing in a CO₂-dependent manner. Here we use channelrhodopsin-based optogenetics to explore how these neurons control breathing in conscious and anesthetized adult rats. Respiratory entrainment (pacing) of breathing frequency (fR) was produced over 57% (anesthetized) and 28% (conscious) of the natural frequency range by burst activation of RTN-Phox2b neurons (3-8 × 0.5-20 ms pulses at 20 Hz). In conscious rats, pacing under normocapnic conditions increased tidal volume (V(T)) and each inspiration was preceded by active expiration, denoting abdominal muscle contraction. During long-term pacing V(T) returned to prestimulation levels, suggesting that central chemoreceptors such as RTN-Phox2b neurons regulate V(T) partly independently of their effect on fR. Randomly applied light trains reset the respiratory rhythm and shortened the expiratory phase when the stimulus coincided with late-inspiration or early-expiration. Importantly, continuous (20 Hz) photostimulation of the RTN-Phox2b neurons and a saturating CO₂ concentration produced similar effects on breathing that were much larger than those elicited by phasic RTN stimulation. In sum, consistent with their anatomical projections, RTN-Phox2b neurons regulate lung ventilation by controlling breathing frequency, inspiration, and active expiration. Adult RTN-Phox2b neurons can entrain the respiratory rhythm if their discharge is artificially synchronized, but continuous activation of these neurons is much more effective at increasing lung ventilation. These results suggest that RTN-Phox2b neurons are no longer rhythmogenic in adulthood and that their average discharge rate may be far more important than their discharge pattern in driving lung ventilation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.