ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2013
Trends in social class inequalities in the use of health care services within the Spanish National Health System, 1993-2006.
Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic inequalities in primary-care and specialist physician visits: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Trends and inequalities in age-standardized prevalence rate of edentulism among members of European Union between 1990 and 2021.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- A New Primary Care Model Based on Population Needs: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Variations in healthcare utilization for mental health problems prior to suicide by socioeconomic status: a Norwegian register-based population study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Social inequalities in the use of physiotherapy in women diagnosed with breast cancer in Barcelona: DAMA cohort.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Indicators of integrating oral health care within universal health coverage and general health care in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Effects of Vocational Rehabilitation on the Use of Health Care Services in Finland: A Propensity Score Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Does the socioeconomic status predict health service utilization in persons with enhanced health care needs? Results from a population-based survey in persons with spinal cord lesions from Switzerland.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Use of outpatient and inpatient health care services by occupation-a register study of employees in Oulu, Finland.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Gender Gap in Unhealthy Life Expectancy: The Role of Education Among Adults Aged 45.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Inequity and benefit incidence analysis in healthcare use among Syrian refugees in Egypt.Conflict and health · 2021Article
- Foot health among the Roma population of southern Spain according to the foot health status questionnaire.BMC public health · 2020Observational
- Effects of Government Healthcare Expenditure on Economic Growth Based on Spatial Durbin Model: Evidence from China.Iranian journal of public health · 2020Article
- The evolution of income-related inequalities in healthcare utilisation in Indonesia, 1993-2014.PloS one · 2019Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiometabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.BMC public health · 2018Article
- CT scan exposure in Spanish children and young adults by socioeconomic status: Cross-sectional analysis of cohort data.PloS one · 2018Article
- Withstanding austerity: Equity in health services utilisation in the first stage of the economic recession in Southern Spain.PloS one · 2018Article
- Association of regional disparity of obstetrics and gynecologic services with children and infants mortality rates: A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2017Article
- Trends of relative and absolute socioeconomic equity in access to coronary revascularisations in 1995-2010 in Finland: a register study.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse the trends and socio-economic inequalities in the use of health care services in Spain between 1993 and 2006.
methodsA study of trends was performed using data from six Spanish National Health Surveys (1993, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2006). Sample sizes were 21,061; 6,396; 6,396; 21,066; 21,650 and 29,478, respectively. The following dependent variables were analysed: having visited a general practitioner (GP) or specialist in the previous 2 weeks, having visited a dentist within the previous 3 months and having visited a gynaecologist, having used the emergency services or having been hospitalised in the previous year. The main independent variable was social class, classified as manual or non-manual occupation. For each service, age-standardised proportions of use were calculated by survey year, sex and social class, and indices of relative (RII) and absolute (SII) inequality were computed. Trend tests were applied.
resultsAn increase in the proportion of use was observed for all services, particularly emergency services. Individuals from manual classes were more likely to visit the GP and emergency services than those from non-manual classes. Conversely, those from non-manual classes were more likely to use specialised services. This trend was most notable for dentist visits. Social inequalities did not change significantly during the study period.
conclusionsDespite the increase in the use of health care services, the relationship between social class and the use of these services has remained stable throughout the study period. Achieving equity in the use of specialised care services is still a challenge for universal health care systems.
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