SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2011
Calcium channel blockers for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Calcium channel blockers for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Cholinergic medication for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Antipsychotic reduction and/or cessation and antipsychotics as specific treatments for tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Non-antipsychotic catecholaminergic drugs for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin E for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Anticholinergic medication for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2018Article
- Tardive Dyskinesia Associated with Atypical Antipsychotics: Prevalence, Mechanisms and Management Strategies.CNS drugs · 2018Review
- Regional brain dysregulation of Ca(2+)-handling systems in ketamine-induced rat model of experimental psychosis.Cell and tissue research · 2016Article
- Possible role of P-glycoprotein in the neuroprotective mechanism of berberine in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive dysfunction.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Tardive dystonic syndrome induced by the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2014Article
- Treatment of neurolept-induced tardive dyskinesia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
- Updated by
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia and related disorders affect a sizable proportion of any population. Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications are the primary treatment for these disorders. Neuroleptic medications are associated with a variety of side effects including tardive dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is a disfiguring movement disorder of the orofacial region that can be tardive (having a slow or belated onset). Tardive dyskinesia is difficult to treat, despite experimentation with several treatments. Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil) have been among these experimental treatments.
objectivesTo determine the effects of calcium-channel blocker drugs (diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine, verapamil) for treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches in May 2010 by searching the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Register using the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group search strategy. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing calcium-channel blockers with placebo, no intervention or any other intervention for people with both tardive dyskinesia and schizophrenia or serious mental illness. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We planned to extract and analyse data on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. We intended to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data using a random-effects model, and, where possible, calculate the number needed to treat. We planned to calculate mean differences (MD) for continuous data. MAIN
resultsWe did not include any trials in this review. We excluded 15 studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use calcium channel blockers, five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data and one did not include people with both tardive dyskinesia and schizophrenia. AUTHORS'
conclusionsThe effects of calcium-channel blockers for antipsychotic induced tardive dyskinesia are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.