ArticleNeuro-oncology2012
Brain tumor eradication and prolonged survival from intratumoral conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil using a nonlytic retroviral replicating vector.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1 Ascending Dose Trial of the Safety and Tolerability of Toca 511 in Patients With Recurrent High Grade Glioma
A Phase 1 Ascending Dose Trial of Safety and Tolerability of Toca 511, a Retroviral Replicating Vector, Administered to Subjects at the Time of Resection for Recurrent High Grade Glioma & Followed by Treatment With Toca FC, Extended-Release 5-FC
A Phase 1 Ascending Dose Trial of the Safety and Tolerability of Toca 511, a Retroviral Replicating Vector, Administered Intravenously Prior to, and Intracranially at the Time of, Subsequent Resection for Recurrent HGG & Followed by Treatment With Extended-Release 5-FC
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A phase 1B trial of vocimagene amiretrorepvec in patients with advanced solid tumors: Safety, tumor homing, and immune modulatory effects.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Promising Cancer Vaccine for Glioblastoma Therapy: A Focus on mRNA Vaccine.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy for High-Grade Gliomas.Cancers · 2025Review
- Engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal cells against cancer.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Therapeutic activity of retroviral replicating vector-mediated gene therapy in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in a murine pancreatic cancer model.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2024Review
- Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy with Retroviral Replicating Vectors for Experimental Canine Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Cell and gene therapy in neuro-oncology.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Stem Cell Targeting Peptide Isolated Through Phage Display Binds Cadherin 2.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2023Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Oncolytic Virotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Gene Therapy for High Grade Glioma: The Clinical Experience.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2023Review
- Advances in oncolytic herpes simplex virus and adenovirus therapy for recurrent glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Retroviral Replicating Vector Toca 511 (Cancers · 2022Article
- Advances in local therapy for glioblastoma - taking the fight to the tumour.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Cancer gene therapy goes viral: viral vector platforms come of age.Radiology and oncology · 2022Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with the most common and aggressive form of high-grade glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, have poor prognosis and few treatment options. In 2 immunocompetent mouse brain tumor models (CT26-BALB/c and Tu-2449-B6C3F1), we showed that a nonlytic retroviral replicating vector (Toca 511) stably delivers an optimized cytosine deaminase prodrug activating gene to the tumor lesion and leads to long-term survival after treatment with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Survival benefit is dose dependent for both vector and 5-FC, and as few as 4 cycles of 5-FC dosing after Toca 511 therapy provides significant survival advantage. In the virally permissive CT26-BALB/c model, spread of Toca 511 to other tissues, particularly lymphoid tissues, is detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) over a wide range of levels. In the Tu-2449-B6C3F1 model, Toca 511 PCR signal in nontumor tissues is much lower, spread is not always observed, and when observed, is mainly detected in lymphoid tissues at low levels. The difference in vector genome spread correlates with a more effective antiviral restriction element, APOBEC3, present in the B6C3F1 mice. Despite these differences, neither strain showed signs of treatment-related toxicity. These data support the concept that, in immunocompetent animals, a replicating retroviral vector carrying a prodrug activating gene (Toca 511) can spread through a tumor mass, leading to selective elimination of the tumor after prodrug administration, without local or systemic pathology. This concept is under investigation in an ongoing phase I/II clinical trial of Toca 511 in combination with 5-FC in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01156584).
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.