ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2012
Anticholinergics for overactive bladder therapy: central nervous system effects.
Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to improve tolerability of local anesthetic intradetrusor Botulinum toxin injections: A systematic review.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2023Pooled it
- Transcutaneous neuromodulation versus oxybutynin for neurogenic detrusor overactivity in persons with spinal cord injury: A randomized, investigator blinded, parallel group, non-inferiority controlled trial.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Randomized, controlled trial of fesoterodine fumarate for overactive bladder in Parkinson's disease.World journal of urology · 2020Trial
- Effect of mirabegron on cognitive function in elderly patients with overactive bladder: MoCA results from a phase 4 randomized, placebo-controlled study (PILLAR).BMC geriatrics · 2020Trial
- Assessment of overactive bladder in women antidepressant users.International urology and nephrology · 2015Trial
- Systemic Medications as Triggers of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Xanomeline-Trospium Validates Muscarinic Agonism as an Effective Non-Dopaminergic Treatment for Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Does the Addition of Vaginal Oestrogen to Anticholinergic Medication Improve Overactive Bladder Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Health outcomes and costs in patients prescribed anticholinergic medications for overactive bladder.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy for bladder spasm and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms associated with intravesical therapy for bladder cancer: a review of available evidence.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Review
- Overactive bladder medications and risk of emergency hospital admissions with delirium in adults without dementia: self-controlled case series.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of solifenacin combined with biofeedback in children with overactive bladder.BMC urology · 2024Article
- Patient and Clinician Challenges with Anticholinergic Step Therapy in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
- Management of use of urinary antimuscarinics and alpha blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia in older adults at risk of falls: a clinical review.European geriatric medicine · 2023Review
- Underdiagnosed CKD in Geriatric Trauma Patients and Potent Prevention of Renal Impairment from Polypharmacy Risks through Individual Pharmacotherapy Management (IPM-III).Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Delivering patient-centered care through shared decision making in overactive bladder.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2022Review
- Editorial Comment RE: Yearly Trends of Overactive Bladder Medication Usage.Urology practice · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mainstay of pharmacological treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) is anticholinergic therapy using muscarinic receptor antagonists (tertiary or quaternary amines). Muscarinic receptors in the brain play an important role in cognitive function, and there is growing awareness that antimuscarinic OAB drugs may have adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects, ranging from headache to cognitive impairment and episodes of psychosis. This review discusses the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of OAB antimuscarinics that affect their propensity to cause adverse CNS effects, as observed in phase III clinical trials and in specific investigations on cognitive function and sleep architecture. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for "OAB" plus "muscarinic antagonists" or "anticholinergic drug." Additional relevant literature was identified by examining the reference lists of papers identified through the search. Preclinical and clinical trials in adults were assessed, focusing on the OAB antimuscarinics approved in the United States. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in protecting the CNS, but it is penetrable. The lipophilic tertiary amines, particularly oxybutynin, are more likely to cross the BBB than the hydrophilic quaternary amine trospium chloride, for which there are very few reports of adverse CNS effects. In fact, in 2008 the US product labels for oral oxybutynin were modified to include the potential for anticholinergic CNS events and a warning to monitor patients for adverse CNS effects. Even modest cognitive impairment in the elderly may negatively affect independence; therefore, selection of an antimuscarinic OAB drug with reduced potential for CNS effects is advisable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.