ArticleRespiratory research2011
Cigarette smoke increases TLR4 and TLR9 expression and induces cytokine production from CD8(+) T cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Article in Respiratory research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Pooled it
- Lung CD8+ T cells in COPD have increased expression of bacterial TLRs.Respiratory research · 2013Trial
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of Particulate Matter on the Exacerbation of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: An Animal Experimental Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ashes to Rashes: An Exploration of the Intersection Between Smoking and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial DNA signals driving immune responses: Why, How, Where?Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Article
- Acupuncture improves the symptoms, gut microbiota, metabolomics, and inflammation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Research progress of SIRTs activator resveratrol and its derivatives in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Altered levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 depend on theFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoke-Induced Respiratory Response: Insights into Cellular Processes and Biomarkers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The role of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathways in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- TLR9 signalling activation via direct ligation and its functional consequences in CD4 + T cells.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Immune cell-specific smoking-related expression characteristics are revealed by re-analysis of transcriptomes from the CEDAR cohort.Central-European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Expanding role of deoxyribonucleic acid-sensing mechanism in the development of lifestyle-related diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Peitu Shengjin Recipe Attenuates Airway Inflammation via the TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptors, innate immune system, and lung diseases: a vital trilateral association.EXCLI journal · 2022Article
- Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoke is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory lung disorder. COPD is characterized by an increase in CD8(+) T cells within the central and peripheral airways. We hypothesized that the CD8(+) T cells in COPD patients have increased Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression compared to control subjects due to the exposure of cigarette smoke in the airways.
methodsEndobronchial biopsies and peripheral blood were obtained from COPD patients and control subjects. TLR4 and TLR9 expression was assessed by immunostaining of lung tissue and flow cytometry of the peripheral blood. CD8(+) T cells isolated from peripheral blood were treated with or without cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) as well as TLR4 and TLR9 inhibitors. PCR and western blotting were used to determine TLR4 and TLR9 expression, while cytokine secretion from these cells was detected using electrochemiluminescence technology.
resultsNo difference was observed in the overall expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in the lung tissue and peripheral blood of COPD patients compared to control subjects. However, COPD patients had increased TLR4 and TLR9 expression on lung CD8(+) T cells. Exposure of CD8(+) T cells to CSC resulted in an increase of TLR4 and TLR9 protein expression. CSC exposure also caused the activation of CD8(+) T cells, resulting in the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNFα and IFNγ. Furthermore, inhibition of TLR4 or TLR9 significantly attenuated the production of TNFα and IL-10.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate increased expression of TLR4 and TLR9 on lung CD8(+) T cells in COPD. CD8(+) T cells exposed to CSC increased TLR4 and TLR9 levels and increased cytokine production. These results provide a new perspective on the role of CD8(+) T cells in COPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.