ReviewToxins2011
G(i/o) protein-dependent and -independent actions of Pertussis Toxin (PTX).
Review in Toxins, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross talk between bacterial and human gene networks enriched using ncRNAs in IBD disease.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- PLCβs are recruited to the plasma membrane in macrophages by both Gβγ and GαProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Latrophilin-1-Mediated GCells · 2026Article
- Mechanism-guided identification of antidepressant G protein-coupled receptor drug targets.Cell · 2026Article
- PLCβs are recruited to the plasma membrane in macrophages by both Gβγ and GαbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Decoding Neuroinflammatory Pathways: The Role of the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 Axis in ALS-Related Cognitive Impairment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- EAE models of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis do not require pertussis toxin.Brain research · 2026Article
- Psychedelics elicit their effects by 5-HTNature · 2026Article
- Advancing EAE Modeling: Establishment of a Non-Pertussis Immunization Protocol for Multiple Sclerosis.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Article
- Deciphering the Interlinked CXCR4-Mediated Feedback Loop Among Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Wound Healing.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Lactate Activates the HCAR1/β-Arrestin2/PP2A Signaling Axis to Mediate STAT1/2 Dephosphorylation and Drive Osteosarcoma Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A Novel Class of Complement 3a Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Derived from the TLQP-21 Peptide.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate activates LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels through Gβγ signalling.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling activates E-Syt1 to facilitate HDL-derived cholesterol transport.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Cyclic peptide inhibitors function as molecular glues to stabilize Gq/11 heterotrimers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The endocannabinoid anandamide mediates anti-inflammatory effects through activation of NR4A nuclear receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Hawkmoth Pheromone Transduction Involves G-Protein-Dependent Phospholipase Cβ Signaling.eNeuro · 2025Article
- Essential strategies for the detection of constitutive and ligand-dependent Gi-directed activity of 7TM receptors using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Blocks Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Differentiation through Elimination of Reactive Oxygen Species.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a typical A-B toxin. The A-protomer (S1 subunit) exhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The B-oligomer consists of four subunits (S2 to S5) and binds extracellular molecules that allow the toxin to enter the cells. The A-protomer ADP-ribosylates the α subunits of heterotrimeric G(i/o) proteins, resulting in the receptors being uncoupled from the G(i/o) proteins. The B-oligomer binds proteins expressed on the cell surface, such as Toll-like receptor 4, and activates an intracellular signal transduction cascade. Thus, PTX modifies cellular responses by at least two different signaling pathways; ADP-ribosylation of the Gα(i/o) proteins by the A-protomer (G(i/o) protein-dependent action) and the interaction of the B-oligomer with cell surface proteins (G(i/o) protein-independent action).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.