ArticleToxins2011
Hemodynamic effects of anthrax toxins in the rabbit model and the cardiac pathology induced by lethal toxin.
Article in Toxins, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting virulence to disarm the pathogen: Enzyme-activated-substrate inhibition of Anthrax edema factor.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets Against Anthrax-Toxin-Induced Liver and Heart Damage.Toxins · 2025Article
- Article
- Small molecule inhibitors of anthrax edema factor.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2018Article
- Using Telemetry Data to Refine Endpoints for New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged withJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2017Article
- Review
- Bacillus anthracis edema but not lethal toxin challenge in rats is associated with depressed myocardial function in hearts isolated and tested in a Langendorff system.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2015Article
- Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax.Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) · 2014Review
- Anthrax lethal toxin induces acute diastolic dysfunction in rats through disruption of the phospholamban signaling network.International journal of cardiology · 2013Article
- B. anthracis associated cardiovascular dysfunction and shock: the potential contribution of both non-toxin and toxin components.BMC medicine · 2013Review
- Two anthrax cases with soft tissue infection, severe oedema and sepsis in Danish heroin users.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Small-molecule inhibitors of lethal factor protease activity protect against anthrax infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Pathology and pathophysiology of inhalational anthrax in a guinea pig model.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Pharmacophore selection and redesign of non-nucleotide inhibitors of anthrax edema factor.Toxins · 2012Review
- Cardiac-specific catalase overexpression rescues anthrax lethal toxin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction: role of oxidative stress and autophagy.BMC medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx) have been shown to alter hemodynamics in the rodent model, while LeTx primarily is reported to induce extensive tissue pathology. However, the rodent model has limitations when used for comparison to higher organisms such as humans. The rabbit model, on the other hand, has gained recognition as a useful model for studying anthrax infection and its pathophysiological effects. In this study, we assessed the hemodynamic effects of lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx) in the rabbit model using physiologically relevant amounts of the toxins. Moreover, we further examine the pathological effects of LeTx on cardiac tissue. We intravenously injected Dutch-belted rabbits with either low-dose and high-dose recombinant LeTx or a single dose of EdTx. The animals' heart rate and mean arterial pressure were continuously monitored via telemetry until either 48 or 72 h post-challenge. Additional animals challenged with LeTx were used for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) quantitation, cardiac histopathology, and echocardiography. LeTx depressed heart rate at the lower dose and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the higher dose. EdTx, on the other hand, temporarily intensified heart rate while lowering MAP. Both doses of LeTx caused cardiac pathology with the higher dose having a more profound effect. Lastly, left-ventricular dilation due to LeTx was not apparent at the given time-points. Our study demonstrates the hemodynamic effects of anthrax toxins, as well as the pathological effects of LeTx on the heart in the rabbit model, and it provides further evidence for the toxins' direct impact on the heart.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.