ArticleToxins2011
Re-assembled botulinum neurotoxin inhibits CNS functions without systemic toxicity.
Article in Toxins, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Embracing the Versatility of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Conventional and New Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2024Review
- Recent Developments in Engineering Non-Paralytic Botulinum Molecules for Therapeutic Applications.Toxins · 2024Review
- New botulinum neurotoxin constructs for treatment of chronic pain.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Astrocytic control of extracellular GABA drives circadian timekeeping in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- SNARE Modulators and SNARE Mimetic Peptides.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Botulinum Neurotoxins in Central Nervous System: An Overview from Animal Models to Human Therapy.Toxins · 2021Review
- Novel Native and Engineered Botulinum Neurotoxins.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Review
- Engineering Botulinum Neurotoxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications and Vaccine Development.Toxins · 2020Review
- New Engineered-Botulinum Toxins Inhibit the Release of Pain-Related Mediators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Review
- Review
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- Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.Pharmacological reviews · 2017Review
- Article
- Unexpected transcellular protein crossover occurs during canonical DNA transfection.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2014Article
- Botulinum protease-cleaved SNARE fragments induce cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells.Journal of neurochemistry · 2014Article
- Synthetic self-assembling clostridial chimera for modulation of sensory functions.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2013Article
- Stapling of the botulinum type A protease to growth factors and neuropeptides allows selective targeting of neuroendocrine cells.Journal of neurochemistry · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has recently been widely recognized. BoNT/A acts to silence synaptic transmission via specific proteolytic cleavage of an essential neuronal protein, SNAP25. The advantages of BoNT/A-mediated synaptic silencing include very long duration, high potency and localized action. However, there is a fear of possible side-effects of BoNT/A due to its diffusible nature which may lead to neuromuscular blockade away from the injection site. We recently developed a "protein-stapling" technology which allows re-assembly of BoNT/A from two separate fragments. This technology allowed, for the first time, safe production of this popular neuronal silencing agent. Here we evaluated the re-assembled toxin in several CNS assays and assessed its systemic effects in an animal model. Our results show that the re-assembled toxin is potent in inhibiting CNS function at 1 nM concentration but surprisingly does not exhibit systemic toxicity after intraperitoneal injection even at 200 ng/kg dose. This shows that the re-assembled toxin represents a uniquely safe tool for neuroscience research and future medical applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.