ReviewToxins2011
Mechanism of diphtheria toxin catalytic domain delivery to the eukaryotic cell cytosol and the cellular factors that directly participate in the process.
Review in Toxins, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Design and evaluation of an EpCAM-specific peptide-diphtheria toxin fusion (DT-SNFYMPL) for targeted epithelial cancer treatment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Novel endogenous protein-based strategies to inhibit clinically relevant bacterial AB-type toxins including pertussis toxin.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Iron-sulfur cofactors in nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis: Assembly, delivery, and putative roles in cellular and viral systems.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Pharmacological inhibition of host cell neddylation reduces intoxication of cells by diphtheria toxin and clostridial enterotoxins TcdB and C2.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Novel PE-DT-fusion toxin enhances internalization and target-dependently restores the cytotoxicity of recombinant immunotoxins.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Diphtheria toxin T-domain as a tool for inducing lipid vesicle fusion.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Descendants of hypertrophic chondrocytes promote angiogenesis by secreting THBS4 during bone growth and injury repair.Bone research · 2025Article
- Protein-Based Degraders: From Chemical Biology Tools to Neo-Therapeutics.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Review
- Clinically approved immunotoxins targeting hematological cancers: "the best of both worlds".Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Unlocking the potential of tumor-targeting peptides in precision oncology.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Next generation of "magic bullets", solutions from the microbial pangenome.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- Repurposing FDA-approved disulfiram for targeted inhibition of diphtheria toxin and the binary protein toxins ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Neuropilin-1 Binding Peptide as Fusion to Diphtheria Toxin Induces Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Unconventional structure and mechanisms for membrane interaction and translocation of the NF-κB-targeting toxin AIP56.Nature communications · 2023Article
- AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Prospects of Using Protein Engineering for Selective Drug Delivery into a Specific Compartment of Target Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Analysis ofPeerJ · 2023Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Research on diphtheria and anthrax toxins over the past three decades has culminated in a detailed understanding of their structure function relationships (e.g., catalytic (C), transmembrane (T), and receptor binding (R) domains), as well as the identification of their eukaryotic cell surface receptor, an understanding of the molecular events leading to the receptor-mediated internalization of the toxin into an endosomal compartment, and the pH triggered conformational changes required for pore formation in the vesicle membrane. Recently, a major research effort has been focused on the development of a detailed understanding of the molecular interactions between each of these toxins and eukaryotic cell factors that play an essential role in the efficient translocation of their respective catalytic domains through the trans-endosomal vesicle membrane pore and delivery into the cell cytosol. In this review, I shall focus on recent findings that have led to a more detailed understanding of the mechanism by which the diphtheria toxin catalytic domain is delivered to the eukaryotic cell cytosol. While much work remains, it is becoming increasingly clear that the entry process is facilitated by specific interactions with a number of cellular factors in an ordered sequential fashion. In addition, since diphtheria, anthrax lethal factor and anthrax edema factor all carry multiple coatomer I complex binding motifs and COPI complex has been shown to play an essential role in entry process, it is likely that the initial steps in catalytic domain entry of these divergent toxins follow a common mechanism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.