ReviewToxins2011
The biology of the cytolethal distending toxins.
Review in Toxins, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virulence factors of the microbiome: A functional toolkit for cancer progression (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Genotoxic Bacteria and Oncogenic Viruses in Colorectal Cancer: Evidence, Gaps, and a Proposed Interaction Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- TM9SF4 acts as a receptor mediatingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The intricate interplay of microbial metabolomics and carcinogenesis: a spotlight on mechanistic pathways, clinical implications and methodological challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Ecological Mercenaries: Why Aphids Remain Premier Models for the Study of Ecological Symbiosis.Insects · 2025Review
- Helicobacter hepaticus promotes hepatic steatosis through CdtB-induced mitochondrial stress and lipid metabolism reprogramming.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nucleomodulins from gut bacteria: diverse mechanisms of translocation and interaction with host nuclear processes.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Cytolethal distending toxin from Glaesserella parasuis induces ferroptosis in porcine alveolar macrophages and mice.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiome and lung cancer: mechanisms, interactions, and dietary interventions.Gut microbes reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Rab4b Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin fromToxins · 2024Article
- A Synthetic Small Molecule, LGM2605: A Promising Modulator of Increased Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Osteoclast Differentiation byDentistry journal · 2024Article
- Pathogenic mechanisms and potential applications of extracellular vesicles from periodontal pathogens in periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota affects gastrointestinal tumours and therapeutic effects.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Periodontal Pathogens and Their Links to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antibodies to oral pathobionts and colon cancer risk in the CLUE I cohort study.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Larvicidal, growth inhibitory and biochemical effects of soil bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. EN4 against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Synthetic biology-inspired cell engineering in diagnosis, treatment, and drug development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), produced by a variety of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, are the first bacterial genotoxins described, since they cause DNA damage in the target cells. CDT is an A-B(2) toxin, where the CdtA and CdtC subunits are required to mediate the binding on the surface of the target cells, allowing internalization of the active CdtB subunit, which is functionally homologous to the mammalian deoxyribonuclease I. The nature of the surface receptor is still poorly characterized, however binding of CDT requires intact lipid rafts, and its internalization occurs via dynamin-dependent endocytosis. The toxin is retrograde transported through the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum, and subsequently translocated into the nuclear compartment, where it exerts the toxic activity. Cellular intoxication induces DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage responses, which results in arrest of the target cells in the G1 and/or G2 phases of the cell cycle and activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Cells that fail to repair the damage will senesce or undergo apoptosis. This review will focus on the well-characterized aspects of the CDT biology and discuss the questions that still remain unanswered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.