ReviewToxins2010
The enterotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxins.
Review in Toxins, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Colonic epithelial regeneration shapes susceptibility tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Ambivalent Nature ofToxins · 2025Review
- Clostridioides difficile meets the adenosine system: the art of manipulating host homeostasis.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Inhibitory effects of Levilactobacillus brevis IBRC-M10790 on apoptosis and inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile culture supernatant in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clostridium difficile as a potent trigger of colorectal carcinogenesis.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Preclinical evaluation of 6-Gingerol in modulating gut microbiota and SCFAs to mitigateFrontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Review
- Symptoms, Treatment, and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Coinfected withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- AAV-mediated delivery of actoxumab and bezlotoxumab results in serum and mucosal antibody concentrations that provide protection from C. difficile toxin challenge.Gene therapy · 2023Article
- Neutralising Effects of Different Antibodies onInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic synergism ofWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Article
- Structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of TcdA in complex with RhoA provides insights into substrate recognition.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Clostridium difficile infection after ileostomy closure and anastomotic failure in rectal cancer surgery patients.BJS open · 2022Article
- Effect ofBiomedicines · 2022Review
- Proinflammatory Cytokines: Possible Accomplices for the Systemic Effects ofJournal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Article
- Invisible steps for a global endemy: molecular strategies adopted byTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are two large exotoxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). However, our understanding of the specific roles of these toxins in CDI is still evolving. It is now accepted that both toxins are enterotoxic and proinflammatory in the human intestine. Both purified TcdA and TcdB are capable of inducing the pathophysiology of CDI, although most studies have focused on TcdA. C. difficile toxins exert a wide array of biological activities by acting directly on intestinal epithelial cells. Alternatively, the toxins may target immune cells and neurons once the intestinal epithelial barrier is disrupted. The toxins may also act indirectly by stimulating cells to produce chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, neuropeptides and other neuroimmune signals. This review considers the mechanisms of TcdA- and TcdB-induced enterotoxicity, and recent developments in this field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.