ReviewToxins2010
AB toxins: a paradigm switch from deadly to desirable.
Review in Toxins, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interaction of Shiga toxin with the A-domains and multimers of von Willebrand Factor.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Trial
- Structure and function of a fungal AB toxin-like chimerolectin involved in anti-nematode defense.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Killer toxin K28 resistance in yeast relies on COG complex-mediated trafficking of the defence factor Ktd1.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- Exploring protein-protein ligation approaches for the cytosolic delivery of antigens using AIP56.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Driven by Erythrocytes Ameliorate Bacterial Sepsis by Iron Recycling, Toxin Clearing and Inflammation Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Gaining New Insights into Fundamental Biological Pathways by Bacterial Toxin-Based Genetic Screens.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Functional Diversity of Novel Lectins with Unique Structural Features in Marine Animals.Cells · 2023Review
- AB Toxins as High-Affinity Ligands for Cell Targeting in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Both LTA and LTB Subunits Are Equally Important to Heat-Labile Enterotoxin (LT)-Enhanced Bacterial Adherence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- A bispecific, crosslinking lectibody activates cytotoxic T cells and induces cancer cell death.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- How Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain A1 Maintains Stable Association with the Intracellular Neuronal Plasma Membrane.Toxins · 2022Article
- NewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Heat-labile enterotoxin enhances F4-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli adhesion to porcine intestinal epithelial cells by upregulating bacterial adhesins and STb enterotoxin.Veterinary research · 2022Article
- Do Bacteria Provide an Alternative to Cancer Treatment and What Role Does Lactic Acid Bacteria Play?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Directing ricin-based immunotoxins with targeting affibodies and KDEL signal peptide to cancer cells effectively induces apoptosis and tumor suppression.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To ensure their survival, a number of bacterial and plant species have evolved a common strategy to capture energy from other biological systems. Being imperfect pathogens, organisms synthesizing multi-subunit AB toxins are responsible for the mortality of millions of people and animals annually. Vaccination against these organisms and their toxins has proved rather ineffective in providing long-term protection from disease. In response to the debilitating effects of AB toxins on epithelial cells of the digestive mucosa, mechanisms underlying toxin immunomodulation of immune responses have become the focus of increasing experimentation. The results of these studies reveal that AB toxins may have a beneficial application as adjuvants for the enhancement of immune protection against infection and autoimmunity. Here, we examine similarities and differences in the structure and function of bacterial and plant AB toxins that underlie their toxicity and their exceptional properties as immunomodulators for stimulating immune responses against infectious disease and for immune suppression of organ-specific autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.