ReviewViruses2011
Viral ancestors of antiviral systems.
Review in Viruses, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Large-scale cryptic proteome mining revealed potential phage-mediated host-pathogen genetic exchange in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PloS one · 2026Article
- The relationship between HERVs and exogenous viral infections: A focus on the value of HERVs in disease prediction and treatment.Virulence · 2025Review
- Insights into Virus-Host Interactions: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans-Orsay Virus Model.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Activation of lnc-ALVE1-AS1 inhibited ALV-J replication through triggering the TLR3 pathway in chicken macrophage like cell line.Veterinary research communications · 2023Article
- Antiviral PROTACs: Opportunity borne with challenge.Cell insight · 2023Review
- Self-empowerment of life through RNA networks, cells and viruses.F1000Research · 2023Review
- From Molecular Recognition to the "Vehicles" of Evolutionary Complexity: An Informational Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Non-Random Genome Editing and Natural Cellular Engineering in Cognition-Based Evolution.Cells · 2021Review
- Viruses, cancer and non-self recognition.Open biology · 2021Review
- Viruses and Endogenous Retroviruses as Roots for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- MHC Class I Regulation: The Origin Perspective.Cancers · 2020Article
- What viruses tell us about evolution and immunity: beyond Darwin?Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Review
- Article
- Viruses and Evolution - Viruses First? A Personal Perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Editorial: Genome Invading RNA Networks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses Are Ancient Acquired Elements Still Shaping Innate Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Viruses and the origin of microbiome selection and immunity.The ISME journal · 2017Article
- A psychology of the human brain-gut-microbiome axis.Social and personality psychology compass · 2017Article
- MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plant Defense and Viral Counter-Defense.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- When Competing Viruses Unify: Evolution, Conservation, and Plasticity of Genetic Identities.Journal of molecular evolution · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
All life must survive their corresponding viruses. Thus antiviral systems are essential in all living organisms. Remnants of virus derived information are also found in all life forms but have historically been considered mostly as junk DNA. However, such virus derived information can strongly affect host susceptibility to viruses. In this review, I evaluate the role viruses have had in the origin and evolution of host antiviral systems. From Archaea through bacteria and from simple to complex eukaryotes I trace the viral components that became essential elements of antiviral immunity. I conclude with a reexamination of the 'Big Bang' theory for the emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates by horizontal transfer and note how viruses could have and did provide crucial and coordinated features.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.