ArticlePloS one2011
Distribution of extracellular glutamate in the neuropil of hippocampus.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Forced polarisation of microglia by IL-13 is modified by inflammatory and microenvironmental context.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- De novo GRIN variants in M3 helix associated with neurological disorders control channel gating of NMDA receptor.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Classification of missense variants in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor GRIN gene family as gain- or loss-of-function.Human molecular genetics · 2023Article
- Review
- Astrocytic Glutamatergic Transmission and Its Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Cells · 2022Review
- Reconstitution of GABA, Glycine and Glutamate Transporters.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Rapid Regulation of Glutamate Transport: Where Do We Go from Here?Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Review
- Spontaneous CaFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Glutamate Transporters and Mitochondria: Signaling, Co-compartmentalization, Functional Coupling, and Future Directions.Neurochemical research · 2020Review
- Seizure-Induced Potentiation of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission in the Entorhinal Cortex.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Activation by Backpropagating Action Potentials Downregulates NMDAR Function.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Orbitofrontal Neuroadaptations and Cross-Species Synaptic Biomarkers in Heavy-Drinking Macaques.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Extracellular Glutamate in the Nucleus Accumbens Is Nanomolar in Both Synaptic and Non-synaptic Compartments.Cell reports · 2017Article
- Intravenous nicotine injection induces rapid, experience-dependent sensitization of glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens.Journal of neurochemistry · 2013Article
- Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
- Physiological fluctuations in brain temperature as a factor affecting electrochemical evaluations of extracellular glutamate and glucose in behavioral experiments.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2013Review
- Extrasynaptic glutamate receptor activation as cellular bases for dynamic range compression in pyramidal neurons.Frontiers in physiology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reported values of extracellular glutamate concentrations in the resting state depend on the method of measurement and vary ∼1000-fold. As glutamate levels in the micromolar range can cause receptor desensitization and excitotoxicity, and thus affect neuronal excitability, an accurate determination of ambient glutamate is important. Part of the variability of previous measurements may have resulted from the sampling of glutamate in different extracellular compartments, e.g., synaptic versus extrasynaptic volumes. A steep concentration gradient of glutamate between these two compartments could be maintained, for example, by high densities of glutamate transporters arrayed at the edges of synapses. We have used two photon laser scanning microscopy and electrophysiology to investigate whether extracellular glutamate is compartmentalized in acute hippocampal slices. Pharmacological blockade of NMDARs had no effect on Ca(2+) transients generated in dendritic shafts or spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons by depolarization, suggesting that ambient glutamate is too low to activate a significant number of NMDARs. Furthermore, blockade of transporters did not flood the synapse with glutamate, indicating that synaptic NMDARs are not protected from high concentrations of extrasynaptic glutamate. We suggest that, in the CA1 region of hippocampus, glutamate transporters do not create a privileged space within the synapse but rather keep ambient glutamate at very low levels throughout the neuropil.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.