ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Redefining the relevance of established cancer cell lines to the study of mechanisms of clinical anti-cancer drug resistance.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
265 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Pooled it
- Criteria for preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma: scientific and medical relevance.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Guideline
- Tissue specificity of in vitro drug sensitivity.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2018Pooled it
- Data-centric feedback loops for next-generation immunotherapy development.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Systematic pathway-level analysis defines conserved transcriptional divergence between primary lung tumors and cell line models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Patient-derived three-dimensional lung tumor models to evaluate response to therapy.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Platforms and Translational Challenges.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Responses to Standard Systemic Treatment Regimens in Pancreatic Cancer.Cells · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived Models of Liver Cancer to Inform Clinical Treatment Paradigms: Recent Updates.Seminars in liver disease · 2026Review
- The application of experimental models for the drug discovery for digestive tumors.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Lung cancer organoids for functional precision oncology: from disease modeling to clinical decision support.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organoids predict chemotherapy response of locally advanced gastric cancer.PloS one · 2026Article
- DepPrior: integrating CRISPR dependency predictability with multi-omics reproducibility to prioritize candidate LUAD therapeutic targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Translational 3DFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Glioma chemotherapeutic resistance is tied to membrane electrophysiological properties and glycosylation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- A novel organoid model retaining the glioma microenvironment for personalized drug screening and therapeutic evaluation.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- A somatic multiple myeloma mutation unravels a mechanism of oligomerization-mediated product inhibition in GGPPS.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Tumour-on-Chip Models for the Study of Ovarian Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Prospects.Cancers · 2025Review
- Establishment of a Chinese library of patient-derived xenografts from gastrointestinal cancers.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Article
205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although in vitro models have been a cornerstone of anti-cancer drug development, their direct applicability to clinical cancer research has been uncertain. Using a state-of-the-art Taqman-based quantitative RT-PCR assay, we investigated the multidrug resistance (MDR) transcriptome of six cancer types, in established cancer cell lines (grown in monolayer, 3D scaffold, or in xenograft) and clinical samples, either containing >75% tumor cells or microdissected. The MDR transcriptome was determined a priori based on an extensive curation of the literature published during the last three decades, which led to the enumeration of 380 genes. No correlation was found between clinical samples and established cancer cell lines. As expected, we found up-regulation of genes that would facilitate survival across all cultured cancer cell lines evaluated. More troubling, however, were data showing that all of the cell lines, grown either in vitro or in vivo, bear more resemblance to each other, regardless of the tissue of origin, than to the clinical samples they are supposed to model. Although cultured cells can be used to study many aspects of cancer biology and response of cells to drugs, this study emphasizes the necessity for new in vitro cancer models and the use of primary tumor models in which gene expression can be manipulated and small molecules tested in a setting that more closely mimics the in vivo cancer microenvironment so as to avoid radical changes in gene expression profiles brought on by extended periods of cell culture.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.