Why do the results of randomised and observational studies differ?

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Decreased mortality and increased side effects in COVID-19 patients treated with IL-6 receptor antagonists: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021
   Pooled it
2. Prognostic variables and scores identifying the end of life in COPD: a systematic review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2017
   Pooled it
3. Meta-analysis shows clinically relevant and long-lasting deterioration in health-related quality of life after esophageal cancer surgery.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2014
   Pooled it
4. Meta-analysis shows clinically relevant and long-lasting deterioration in health-related quality of life after esophageal cancer surgery.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2014
   Pooled it
5. Using multiple types of studies in systematic reviews of health care interventions--a systematic review.PloS one · 2013
   Pooled it
6. Treatment outcomes of treatment-naïve Hepatitis C patients co-infected with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohorts.PloS one · 2013
   Pooled it
7. Antiplatelets versus anticoagulants for the treatment of cervical artery dissection: Bayesian meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013
   Pooled it
8. Treatment-related toxicity using prostate bed versus prostate bed and pelvic lymph node radiation therapy following radical prostatectomy: A national population-based study.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2023
   Article
9. A Pragmatic Benchmarking Study of an Evidence-Based Personalised Approach in 1938 Adolescents with High-Risk Idiopathic Scoliosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
   Article
10. Informing Healthcare Decisions with Observational Research Assessing Causal Effect: An American Thoracic Society Statement Not Ready for Implementation.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021
    Article
11. The future of acute and emergency care.Future healthcare journal · 2021
    Article
12. The Effectiveness of Different Concepts of Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
    Review
13. Cardiac mortality after radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for breast cancer: Cohort study of 2 million women from 57 cancer registries in 22 countries.International journal of cancer · 2020
    Article
14. Effect of the fixed combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur extracts (Ze 185) on the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients-A retrospective case-control investigation.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2020
    Article
15. Intrawound Treatment for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Instrumented Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Comparative Effectiveness Review and Meta-Analysis.Global spine journal · 2019
    Review
16. Clinical evaluation of marketed orthodontic products: are researchers behind the times? A meta-epidemiological study.Progress in orthodontics · 2017
    Article
17. Comparison of variance estimators for meta-analysis of instrumental variable estimates.International journal of epidemiology · 2016
    Article
18. Prognostic variables and scores identifying the last year of life in COPD: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2016
    Article
19. Digoxin and mortality: lessons for observational studies.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016
    Article
20. Classification and prevalence of spin in abstracts of non-randomized studies evaluating an intervention.BMC medical research methodology · 2015
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Comment on
  Prognostic effect size of cardiovascular biomarkers in datasets from observational studies versus randomised trials: meta-epidemiology study.2011

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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