ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Macrophages are critical for cross-protective immunity conferred by Babesia microti against Babesia rodhaini infection in mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Cross-Species Immunity During AcuteFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Lessons Learned for Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Disease of Erythrocytic Parasites:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
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- Age-Related Differential Stimulation of Immune Response byFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Evaluation of a Major Surface Antigen ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Recombinant methionine aminopeptidase protein of Babesia microti: immunobiochemical characterization as a vaccine candidate against human babesiosis.Parasitology research · 2016Article
- Radical cure of experimental babesiosis in immunodeficient mice using a combination of an endochin-like quinolone and atovaquone.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Experimental transfusion-induced Babesia microti infection: dynamics of parasitemia and immune responses in a rhesus macaque model.Transfusion · 2016Article
- Macrophages are the determinant of resistance to and outcome of nonlethal Babesia microti infection in mice.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Human Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in the United States.Journal of parasitology research · 2015Review
- Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein gene inhibition enhances the acquired immune response during malaria infection in mice.Parasitology research · 2014Article
- Transmission and epidemiology of zoonotic protozoal diseases of companion animals.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although primary infection of mice with Babesia microti has been shown to protect mice against subsequent lethal infection by Babesia rodhaini, the mechanism behind the cross-protection is unknown. To unravel this mechanism, we investigated the influence of primary infection of mice with nonlethal B. microti using different time courses on the outcome of subsequent lethal B. rodhaini infection. Simultaneous infections of mice with these parasites resulted in rapid increases in parasitemia, with 100% mortality in BALB/c mice, as observed with control mice infected with B. rodhaini alone. In contrast, mice with acute, resolving, and chronic-phase B. microti infections were completely protected against B. rodhaini, resulting in low parasitemia and no mortalities. Mice immunized with dead B. microti were not protected from B. rodhaini infection, although high antibody responses were induced. Interestingly, the protected mice had significantly decreased levels of antibody response, cytokines (including gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12), and nitric oxide levels after infection with B. rodhaini. SCID mice and IFN-γ-deficient mice with chronic B. microti infections demonstrated protective responses comparable to those of immunocompetent mice. Likewise, in vivo NK cell depletion did not significantly impair the protective responses. Conversely, macrophage depletion resulted in increased susceptibility to B. rodhaini infection associated with changes in their antibody and cytokines profiles, indicating that macrophages contribute to the protection against this challenge infection. We conclude that future development of vaccines against Babesia should include a strategy that enhances the appropriate activation of macrophages.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.