ReviewHuman vaccines2011
A history of hookworm vaccine development.
Review in Human vaccines, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial distribution patterns and risk factors of hookworm disease in China: A study based on successive national surveillance.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Optimal control strategies supported by system dynamics modelling: a study on hookworm disease in China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A newly identified secreted larval antigen elicits basophil-dependent protective immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Advancing a Human Onchocerciasis Vaccine From Antigen Discovery to Efficacy Studies Against Natural Infection of Cattle WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Identifying novel candidates and configurations for human helminth vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2021Article
- Soil-Transmitted Helminth Vaccines: Are We Getting Closer?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Trichuris muris whey acidic protein induces type 2 protective immunity against whipworm.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Metazoan Parasite Vaccines: Present Status and Future Prospects.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Advances in neglected tropical disease vaccines: Developing relative potency and functional assays for the Na-GST-1/Alhydrogel hookworm vaccine.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Restoration of hookworm egg development after prolonged storage in stool suspension.Parasitology research · 2016Article
- The human hookworm vaccine: recent updates and prospects for success.Journal of helminthology · 2015Article
- The genome and transcriptome of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum identify infection-specific gene families.Nature genetics · 2015Article
- Beta carbonic anhydrases: novel targets for pesticides and anti-parasitic agents in agriculture and livestock husbandry.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus.Nature genetics · 2014Article
- Molecular detection of Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and Necator americanus in humans in northeastern and southern Thailand.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2013Article
- A public health response against Strongyloides stercoralis: time to look at soil-transmitted helminthiasis in full.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale remain among the most common infections of humans in areas of rural poverty in the developing regions of the world, with an estimated 1 billion people infected with one or more of these parasites. Herein, we review the nearly 100 years of research, development, animal testing, and fieldwork that have led to our current progress in recombinant hookworm vaccines. We begin with the identification of hookworm at the start of the 20th century in Southern US, then discuss the progress in developed countries to eliminate human hookworm infection, and then the industrial development and field use in the 1970s a canine hookworm vaccine(Ancylostoma caninum), and finally our progress to date in the development and clinical testing of an array of recombinant antigens to prevent human hookworm disease from N. americanus infection. Special attention is given to the challenges faced in the development of a vaccine against a blood-feeding nematode, including the epidemiology of infection (high prevalence of infection), pathogenesis (chronic infection that increases with the age of the host), and a robust immune response that fails to confer the protection in the host and a concomitant absence of correlates of protection by a successful vaccine could be developed and tested. Finally, we provide the optimal and acceptable profiles of a human hookworm vaccine, including the proposed indication, target population, and route of administration, as developed by the Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative, the only group currently working on vaccines targeting this parasite.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.