ArticleLeukemia2012
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) ligand modulates cytokine release and NK cell reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Article in Leukemia, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the neuropilin 1/interferon γ axis restores glucocorticoid-suppressed T cell function and rescues bone formation to prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Coexpression of GITRL confers resistance to Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression to anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T-BET and EOMES sustain mature human NK cell identity and antitumor function.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Targeting MYC in combination with epigenetic regulators induces synergistic anti-leukemic effects in MLLr leukemia and simultaneously improves immunity.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- NK Cell-Targeted Immunotherapies in Bladder Cancer: Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Review
- Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Functional Impairment and Therapeutic Potential.Cancers · 2022Review
- Evaluation of allogeneic and autologous membrane-bound IL-21-expanded NK cells for chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Differential Immune Checkpoint and Ig-like V-Type Receptor Profiles in COVID-19: Associations with Severity and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Receptor Activator of NF-κB (RANK) Confers Resistance to Chemotherapy in AML and Associates with Dismal Disease Course.Cancers · 2021Article
- Review
- Immunoprofiling of 4-1BB Expression Predicts Outcome in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway to overcome resistance to therapy in sarcomatoid malignant pleural mesothelioma.Communications biology · 2021Article
- NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role.Cancers · 2020Review
- Efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells targeting CD40 and GITR.Oncology letters · 2019Article
- Overexpression of Regulatory T Cell-Related Markers (FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Breast CancerAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- Ig-Like Transcript 2 (ILT2) Blockade and Lenalidomide Restore NK Cell Function in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Revisiting the role of interleukin-8 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the immunosurveillance of hematopoietic malignancies. Their reactivity is influenced by activating and inhibitory signals mediated by tumor-expressed ligands for NK receptors. Many members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family modulate differentiation, proliferation, activation and death of both tumor and immune effector cells. The TNF receptor family member glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) stimulates anti-tumor immunity in mice, but available data indicate that GITR may mediate different effects in mice and men and impairs the reactivity of human NK cells. Here, we comprehensively studied the expression and function of GITR ligand (GITRL) in leukemia. Among the different leukemia entities, pronounced expression of GITRL on leukemic cells was observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and the GITR receptor was expressed at significantly higher levels on NK cells of CLL patients compared with healthy controls. Upon GITR-GITRL interaction, signaling via GITRL into the leukemia cells induced the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and TNF, which act as growth and survival factors for CLL cells. In addition, GITRL impaired both direct and Rituximab-induced degranulation, cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production of NK cells, which could be restored by GITR blocking antibodies. Thus, GITRL may contribute to disease pathophysiology and resistance to direct and Rituximab-induced NK reactivity in CLL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.