ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Expression and role of VEGF in the adult retinal pigment epithelium.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) in Treating Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of immunology research · 2022Pooled it
- AAV-norrin gene therapy rescues retinal defects in mice with Norrie disease and oxygen-induced retinopathy.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Deletion of CEACAM1 does not affect retinal and choroidal morphology or transcriptome.Cell and tissue research · 2026Article
- Neuropilin-2 Deficiency Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and NAD⁺-Dependent Cellular Senescence in Retinal Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- VEGF and Neurotrophins Interaction in the Retinal Neurovascular Unit Homeostasis: A Target for Ocular Disease Treatment and Management.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Fucoidan fromMarine drugs · 2026Article
- Oxytocin Mitigates VEGF Expression in Differentiated RPE cells - A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedical & translational science · 2026Article
- Chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts into retinal pigment epithelium cells for vision restoration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Efficacy of switching from existing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs to ranibizumab biosimilar in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Anti-VEGF injections and macular atrophy progression in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in remission.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of CRISPR-mediated genome ablation of VEGFA as a treatment for choroidal neovascularization in nonhuman primate eyes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Early Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Faricimab in Recalcitrant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Real-World Study in an East-Asian Population.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- The Role of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in the Development of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Characterization of RNA editing and gene therapy with a compact CRISPR-Cas13 in the retina.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Ocular Fundus Neovascularization Disease Management.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- The matricellular protein CCN5 prevents anti-VEGF drug-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelium.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Challenges and opportunities of developing small-molecule therapies for age-related macular degeneration.Archives of pharmacal research · 2024Review
- Anti-inflammatory potential of simvastatin and amfenac in ARPE-19 cells; insights in preventing re-detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- The glucocorticoid receptor as a master regulator of the Müller cell response to diabetic conditions in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Retinal and Choroidal Vascularization Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Diabetic Retinopathy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDespite a lack of active angiogenesis, VEGF is expressed in nearly every adult tissue, and recent evidence suggests that VEGF may serve as a survival factor for both vascular and nonvascular tissues. VEGF blockade is a widely used treatment for neovascular diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, it was sought in this study to evaluate the expression and role of endogenous VEGF in RPE.
methodsVEGF and VEGFR2 expression in the murine retina were assessed during development. Bevacizumab was used to neutralize VEGF in ARPE-19 cells, and the effects on cell survival and apical microvill were assessed by TUNEL and SEM, respectively. VEGF was systemically neutralized in vivo by adenoviral-mediated overexpression of soluble VEGFR1 (sFlt). RPE and choriocapillaris were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in gene expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.
resultsVEGF expression was detected in the developing RPE as early as embryonic day (E) 9.5, whereas VEGFR2 expression by RPE began nonuniformly between postnatal (P) day 6.5 and P8.5. VEGF neutralization in vitro led to increased apoptosis and reduced microvilli density and length. Systemic VEGF neutralization led to transient degenerative changes; RPE were vacuolated and separated from photoreceptor outer segments, and choriocapillaris fenestrations were decreased. VEGF levels were elevated in RPE of Ad-sFlt1 mice at day 4 postinfection, and there was increased expression of the neurotrophic factor CD59a at day 14.
conclusionsThese results indicate that VEGF plays a critical role in survival and maintenance of RPE integrity. Potential undesired off-target effects should be considered with chronic use of anti-VEGF agents.
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