Trial reportHaematologica2012
Cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients destined for autologous stem-cell transplantation: MRC Myeloma IX randomized trial results.
Trial report in Haematologica, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study of Thalidomide, Bendamustine and Dexamethasone (BTD) Versus Bortezomib, Bendamustine and Dexamethasone (BBD) in Patients With Renal Failure Defined as a GFR Below 30 Mls/Min
A Conceptual Study of Daratumumab Intensified Treatment to Eligible Multiple Myeloma New Patients- Cyclophosphamide, Thalidomide, Dexamethasone and Daratumumab Induction, Follow by Daratumumab Consolidation and Maintenance
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing oncology drug development: systematic review of 22 years of myeloma randomized controlled trials.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Pooled it
- Co-Occurrence of Cytogenetic Abnormalities and High-Risk Disease in Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Alterations in chromosome 1q in multiple myeloma randomized clinical trials: a systematic review.Blood cancer journal · 2024Pooled it
- Thalidomide treatment for patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2016Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study identifies variation at 6q25.1 associated with survival in multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2016Pooled it
- Cyclophosphamide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone Consolidation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Stem Cell Transplantation: The KMM130 Study.Cancer research and treatment · 2023Trial
- Lenalidomide before and after autologous stem cell transplantation for transplant-eligible patients of all ages in the randomized, phase III, Myeloma XI trial.Haematologica · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Response-adapted intensification with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone versus no intensification in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (Myeloma XI): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Haematology · 2019Trial
- A clinical prediction model for outcome and therapy delivery in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma (UK Myeloma Research Alliance Risk Profile): a development and validation study.The Lancet. Haematology · 2019Trial
- Quality of life during and following sequential treatment of previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma: findings of the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX randomised study.British journal of haematology · 2018Trial
- Serum free light chain levels and renal function at diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma.BMC nephrology · 2018Trial
- Minimal residual disease following autologous stem cell transplant in myeloma: impact on outcome is independent of induction regimen.Haematologica · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Diagnostic brain-to-liver [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Phase 2 trial of daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Blood neoplasia · 2025Article
- Comparative Meta-Analysis of Triplet vs. Quadruplet Induction Regimens in Newly Diagnosed, Treatment Naïve, Multiple Myeloma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Deciphering the genetics and mechanisms of predisposition to multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThalidomide is active in multiple myeloma and is associated with minimal myelosuppression, making it a good candidate for induction therapy prior to high-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation. DESIGN AND
methodsOral cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone was compared with infusional cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
resultsThe post-induction overall response rate (≥ partial response) for the intent-to-treat population was significantly higher with cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone (n=555) versus cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (n=556); 82.5% versus 71.2%; odds ratio 1.91; 95% confidence interval 1.44-2.55; P<0.0001. The complete response rates were 13.0% with cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone and 8.1% with cyclophos-phamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone (P=0.0083), with this differential response being maintained in patients who received autologous stem-cell transplantation (post-transplant complete response 50.0% versus 37.2%, respectively; P=0.00052). Cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone was non-inferior to cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone for progression-free and overall survival, and there was a trend toward a late survival benefit with cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone in responders. A trend toward an overall survival advantage for cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone over cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone was also observed in a subgroup of patients with favorable interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Compared with cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone was associated with more constipation and somnolence, but a lower incidence of cytopenias.
conclusionsThe cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone regimen showed improved response rates and was not inferior in terms of survival outcomes to the standard infusional regimen of cyclophosphamide-vincristine-doxorubicin-dexamethasone. Based on its oral administration and the reduced incidence of infection and cytopenia, cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexa-methasone may be considered an effective induction therapy option for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. (ISRCTN: 68454111).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.