ReviewWorld journal of surgery2012
Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage with associated masses: etiology and management in 6 cases and a review of 133 reported cases.
Review in World journal of surgery, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- High metanephrines with adrenal hemorrhage: a diagnostic dilemma.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Bilateral primary adrenal lymphoma presenting with chylothorax: imaging findings and diagnostic challenges.BJR case reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of clinical characteristics between children and adults with adrenal mass.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Non-Traumatic Unilateral Spontaneous Adrenal Mass Rupture: A Retrospective Case Series Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Non-functioning adrenocortical carcinoma presenting as acute spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2026Article
- Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage after rupture of adenoma: case report and review of 78 cases.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Resolution of reverse takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to presumed pheochromocytoma with intralesional hemorrhage.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- A case report of extra-adrenal retroperitoneal myelolipoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Resolution of traumatic adrenal hemorrhage on CT: impact of follow-up timing and initial hematoma size.Emergency radiology · 2025Article
- Adrenal hemorrhage: diagnostics, management, and treatment. Review and clinical update.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025Review
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute adrenal hemorrhage.Blood research · 2025Article
- Emergency embolisation of acute adrenal gland haemorrhages due to underlying neoplasms - multicentre experience and literature overview.Polish journal of radiology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with adrenal hemorrhage.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- A case of successful management for spontaneous rupture of paraganglioma treated with preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization.Surgical case reports · 2024Article
- Two cases of atraumatic adrenal hemorrhage: A review of active management, conservative management, and challenges faced.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Incidence, Presentation, and Natural History of Adrenal Hemorrhage: An Institutional Analysis.The Journal of surgical research · 2024Article
- Adrenal Hemorrhage: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Heterogeneous Entity-Etiology, Presentation, Management, and Outcomes.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2024Article
- Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Adrenal cysts: an emerging condition.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpontaneous adrenal hemorrhage associated with a mass is uncommon and treatment strategies are not standardized. Current treatment modalities range from supportive management and blood transfusion to embolization or immediate operative extirpation. Our objectives were to describe six cases from a single institution and to perform a literature review of the etiology of the condition and recommended management of patients with hemorrhagic adrenal masses.
methodsRecords from six patients diagnosed with adrenal hemorrhage and an associated mass at a single institution were reviewed. Clinical records and outcomes were analyzed. A comprehensive review of 133 reported cases in the literature was performed.
resultsSix patients presented with spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage that appeared to be associated with a mass, with tumor sizes ranging from 3.7 to 15 cm. Three patients underwent adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma or adrenocortical cancer. Three patients did not undergo adrenalectomy: one had a metastasis from lung cancer, one underwent embolization, and one had resolution of the mass on interval imaging. A comprehensive review of the literature identified 133 cases, with pheochromocytoma the most commonly reported lesion (48%).
conclusionsSpontaneous adrenal hemorrhage is rare. When it does occur, a high level of suspicion for malignant disease or pheochromocytoma should be maintained. The possibility of a hematoma masquerading as a neoplasm should also be considered. In cases of ongoing hemorrhage, embolization may be a lifesaving temporizing measure. Acute surgical intervention should be considered in selected patients, and surgery may not be required in all patients. A cautious approach with a comprehensive biochemical and imaging work-up is advised prior to operation.
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