ReviewBlood2012
Historical perspectives on tumor necrosis factor and its superfamily: 25 years later, a golden journey.
Review in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 431 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
431 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of Hematologic Malignancies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Gut and liver · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of lymphomas in inflammatory bowel disease: report of an emblematic case, systematic review, and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammatory Biomarker Responses to Whole-Body Vibration in Subjects with Different Clinical Status: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroprotective Potency of Neolignans inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- The Roles of TNF Signaling Pathways in Metabolism of Bone Tumors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- A Plant-Based Dietary Supplement Exhibits Significant Effects on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Immune Response in Subjects Recovering from Respiratory Viral Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study Using Vitamin C as a Positive Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Helicobacter pylori infection eradication for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Article
- Article
- The role of toll-like receptors in tributyltin-, dibutyltin-, and pentachlorophenol-induced stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production in human immune cells.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- A fatty acid amide activates myeloid cells and improves neurovascular outcomes in retinal degeneration.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress: A Historical Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Single-cell heterogeneity in interferon induction potential is heritable and governed by variation in cell state.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Beyond polarization: a receptor-centered framework for macrophage function and therapy in skin diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and cytokines: A systems view of immunotherapy and toxicity (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- A biomimetic nanointegrator synergizing "dual-throttle" immune checkpoint blockade and enhanced DAMPs-mediated immune activation for potent anti-tumor T‑cell immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- A simple and broadly applicable nanobody-based approach to generate potent TNFR agonists.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Peripheral immune signatures associated with invasive behavior in pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: a blood-based analysis.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Reciprocal regulation of TNF receptor 1-mediated signaling and inflammatory damages by MARCH2 and USP22.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Low-dose TNF-α drives malignant progression and lipid metabolism in glioblastoma through the TRAF2-FASN axis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
371 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although activity that induced tumor regression was observed and termed tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as early as the 1960s, the true identity of TNF was not clear until 1984, when Aggarwal and coworkers reported, for the first time, the isolation of 2 cytotoxic factors: one, derived from macrophages (molecular mass 17 kDa), was named TNF, and the second, derived from lymphocytes (20 kDa), was named lymphotoxin. Because the 2 cytotoxic factors exhibited 50% amino acid sequence homology and bound to the same receptor, they came to be called TNF-α and TNF-β. Identification of the protein sequences led to cloning of their cDNA. Based on sequence homology to TNF-α, now a total of 19 members of the TNF superfamily have been identified, along with 29 interacting receptors, and several molecules that interact with the cytoplasmic domain of these receptors. The roles of the TNF superfamily in inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and morphogenesis have been documented. Their roles in immunologic, cardiovascular, neurologic, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases are becoming apparent. TNF superfamily members are active targets for drug development, as indicated by the recent approval and expanding market of TNF blockers used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohns disease, and osteoporosis, with a total market of more than US $20 billion. As we learn more about this family, more therapeutics will probably emerge. In this review, we summarize the initial discovery of TNF-α, and the insights gained regarding the roles of this molecule and its related family members in normal physiology and disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.