ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2012
Serotype 3 is a common serotype causing invasive pneumococcal disease in children less than 5 years old, as identified by real-time PCR.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complicated pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of higher-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, 2001-2022.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Estimated pneumococcal disease burden in children due to serotypes covered by different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in five Latin American countries.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical manifestations, serotype distribution, and incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Catalonia (Spain), 2018-2022.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Pneumococci remain the main cause of complicated pediatric pneumonia in the post-pandemic era despite extensive pneumococcal vaccine use.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Article
- Pneumococcal Vaccine Breakthrough and Failure in Infants and Children: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Continued Vaccine Breakthrough Cases of Serotype 3 Complicated Pneumonia in Vaccinated Children, Portugal (2016-2019).Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Age-Dependent Serotype-Associated Case-Fatality Rate in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in the Autonomous Community of Madrid between 2007 and 2020.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Pediatric Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Three Years after PCV13 Introduction in the National Immunization Plan-The Continued Importance of Serotype 3.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Pneumococcal serotypes in children, clinical presentation and antimicrobial susceptibility in the PCV13 era.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Observational
- Failures of 13-Valent Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccine in Age-Appropriately Vaccinated Children 2-59 Months of Age, Spain.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Prognostic factors in pediatric pneumococcal meningitis patients in mainland China: a retrospective multicenter study.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Increase in incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotype 3 in children eight years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Hong Kong.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Limited indirect effects of an infant pneumococcal vaccination program in an aging population.PloS one · 2019Article
- Occult bacteremia etiology following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a multicenter study in Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 in 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinees, Portugal, 2010-2015.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Serotype 3 pneumococci sequester platelet-derived human thrombospondin-1 via the adhesin and immune evasion protein Hic.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Serotypes and Clonal Diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Disease in the Era of PCV13 in Catalonia, Spain.PloS one · 2016Article
- Serotypes and genotypes of invasive pneumococci in the central part of Slovenia.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2015Article
- Estimation of the invasive disease potential of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children by the use of direct capsular typing in clinical specimens.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Article
- Direct identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular types in pleural fluids by using multiplex PCR combined with automated fluorescence-based capillary electrophoresis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serotype 3 is one of the most often detected pneumococcal serotypes in adults and it is associated with serious disease. In contrast, the isolation of serotype 3 by bacterial culture is unusual in children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The purpose of this study was to learn the serotype distribution of IPD, including culture-negative episodes, by using molecular methods in normal sterile samples. We studied all children<5 years of age with IPD admitted to two paediatric hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, from 2007 to 2009. A sequential real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was added to routine methods for the detection and serotyping of pneumococcal infection. Among 257 episodes (219 pneumonia, 27 meningitis, six bacteraemia and five others), 33.5% were identified by culture and the rest, 66.5%, were detected exclusively by real-time PCR. The most common serotypes detected by culture were serotypes 1 (26.7%) and 19A (25.6%), and by real-time PCR, serotypes 1 (19.8%) and 3 (18.1%). Theoretical coverage rates by the PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 vaccines were 10.5, 52.3 and 87.2%, respectively, for those episodes identified by culture, compared to 5.3, 31.6 and 60.2% for those identified only by real-time PCR. Multiplex real-time PCR has been shown to be useful for surveillance studies of IPD. Serotype 3 is underdiagnosed by culture and is important in paediatric IPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.