ReviewNature2011
Subsurface water and clay mineral formation during the early history of Mars.
Review in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methane Production on Mars-Relevant Clay Minerals and Simulant Regolith.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The chemistry of habitable oceans in the Solar system.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of water retention at carbohydrate-clay interfaces.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Article
- Hydrothermal activity generated by impact melt emplacement on the rim of Ritchey crater, Mars.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Polymer-Based Contactless Conductivity Detector for Europan Salts (PolyCoDES).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Organic matter and biomarkers: Why are samples required?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Constraining the history of water and climate on Mars through light element stable isotope analysis of volatiles in returned martian samples.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dichotomy retreat and aqueous alteration on Noachian Mars recorded in highland remnants.Nature geoscience · 2025Article
- Martian atmospheric hydrogen and deuterium: Seasonal changes and paradigm for escape to space.Science advances · 2024Article
- Atmospheric oxidation drove climate change on Noachian Mars.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Water and other volatiles on Mars.National science review · 2024Article
- Emergent ribozyme behaviors in oxychlorine brines indicate a unique niche for molecular evolution on Mars.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Intense alteration on early Mars revealed by high-aluminum rocks at Jezero crater.Communications earth & environment · 2024Article
- Radiolytic support for oxidative metabolism in an ancient subsurface brine system.ISME communications · 2024Article
- Multitechnique characterization of secondary minerals near HI-SEAS, Hawaii, as Martian subsurface analogues.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Mineral Indicators of Geologically Recent Past Habitability on Mars.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cells as the first data scientists.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- The Curiosity Rover's Exploration of Glen Torridon, Gale Crater, Mars: An Overview of the Campaign and Scientific Results.Journal of geophysical research. Planets · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clay minerals, recently discovered to be widespread in Mars's Noachian terrains, indicate long-duration interaction between water and rock over 3.7 billion years ago. Analysis of how they formed should indicate what environmental conditions prevailed on early Mars. If clays formed near the surface by weathering, as is common on Earth, their presence would indicate past surface conditions warmer and wetter than at present. However, available data instead indicate substantial Martian clay formation by hydrothermal groundwater circulation and a Noachian rock record dominated by evidence of subsurface waters. Cold, arid conditions with only transient surface water may have characterized Mars's surface for over 4 billion years, since the early-Noachian period, and the longest-duration aqueous, potentially habitable environments may have been in the subsurface.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22051674What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.