ArticleVirology journal2011
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections: the effects of bacterial coinfection.
Article in Virology journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- A retrospective clinical risk prediction model for co‑infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with COVID‑19 based on restricted cubic splines.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Coinfection and superinfection in ICU critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and influenza pneumonia: are the pictures different?Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Bacterial coinfection in influenza pneumonia: Rates, pathogens, and outcomes.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2022Article
- A Murine Model for Enhancement of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenicity upon Viral Infection and Advanced Age.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Predictors and outcomes of healthcare-associated infections in COVID-19 patients.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Retrospective review analysis of COVID-19 patients co-infected withLung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2021Article
- Influenza and Bacterial Coinfection in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to Conventional Wards: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcomes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a(H1N1)pdm09.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Review
- Clinical features ofJournal of thoracic disease · 2018Article
- Secondary Bacterial Infections Associated with Influenza Pandemics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Evaluation in Mouse Model of Combined Virus-bacterial Vaccine Based on Attenuated Influenza A(H7N3) Virus and the Group B Streptococcus Recombinant Polypeptides.The open microbiology journal · 2016Article
- Does virus-bacteria coinfection increase the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection?Journal of medical virology · 2015Article
- Clinical differences between respiratory viral and bacterial mono- and dual pathogen detected among Singapore military servicemen with febrile respiratory illness.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2015Article
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- Neuraminidase-producing oral mitis group streptococci potentially contribute to influenza viral infection and reduction in antiviral efficacy of zanamivir.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2015Article
- Predictors of fatality in pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection among adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2014Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNumerous reports have described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infected patients. However, data on the effects of bacterial coinfection on these patients are very scarce. Therefore, this study explores the impact of bacterial coinfection on the clinical and laboratory parameters amongst H1N1 hospitalized patients.
findingsThis retrospective study involved hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed H1N1 infections (September 2009 to May 2010). Relevant clinical data and the detection of bacterial coinfection from respiratory or sterile site samples were obtained. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the co-existence of other respiratory viruses. Comparison was made between patients with and without bacterial coinfection. The occurrence of coinfection was 34%; 14 (28%) bacterial and only 3 (6%) viral. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 5) was the commonest bacteria followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3). In univariate analysis, clinical factors associated with bacterial coinfection were age > 50 years (p = 0.02), presence of comorbidity (p = 0.04), liver impairment (p = 0.02), development of complications (p = 0.004) and supplemental oxygen requirement (p = 0.02). Leukocytosis (p = 0.02) and neutrophilia (p = 0.004) were higher in bacterial coinfected patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age > 50 years and combined complications were predictive of bacterial coinfection.
conclusionsBacterial coinfection is not uncommon in H1N1 infected patients and is more frequently noted in the older aged patients and is associated with higher rates of complications. Also, as adjunct to clinical findings, clinicians need to have a higher index of suspicion if neutrophilia was identified at admission as it may denote bacterial coinfection.
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