ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2011
Evidence for anterograde transport and transcytosis of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A).
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02736890 (Subcutaneous Injection of Botulinum Toxin A for At--Level Back Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Subcutaneous Injection of Botulinum Toxin A for At--Level Back Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Botulinum toxin-A effects on pain, somatosensory and psychosocial features of patients with refractory masticatory myofascial pain: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Cause or effect: Altered brain and network activity in cervical dystonia is partially normalized by botulinum toxin treatment.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Trial
- Botulinum Toxin A Myths, Evidence, and Global Media Narratives.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Long-term neuromuscular alterations during botulinum toxin treatment for chronic migraine.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Tailoring BoNT A treatment and assessment across recovery stages after stroke: a report of four clinical cases.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Architecture and Mechanistic Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety profile of Onabotulinum toxin-A injection at sphenopalatine ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective observational study.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Observational
- Neurobiological mechanisms of botulinum neurotoxin-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Basis of movement control in dystonia and why botulinum toxin should influence it?Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2024Article
- Scoping Review: The Effects of Interrupted Onabotulinumtoxin A Treatment for Chronic Migraine Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Facial neuromuscular junctions and brainstem nuclei are the target of tetanus neurotoxin in cephalic tetanus.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin A modulates the axonal release of pathological tau in hippocampal neurons.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2023Article
- Neurocircuitry underlying the antidepressant effect of retrograde facial botulinum toxin in mice.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- Distribution of Cleaved SNAP-25 in the Rat Brain, following Unilateral Injection of Botulinum Neurotoxin-A into the Striatum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Function and dysfunction of the dystonia network: an exploration of neural circuits that underlie the acquired and isolated dystonias.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia with Botulinum Toxin Type A: Report of Two Cases.Dentistry journal · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a metalloprotease that blocks synaptic transmission via the cleavage of SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa). BoNT/A is successfully used in clinical neurology for the treatment of several neuromuscular pathologies and pain syndromes. Despite its widespread use, relatively little is known on BoNT/A intracellular trafficking in neurons. Using the visual pathway as a model system, here we show that catalytically active BoNT/A is capable of undergoing anterograde axonal transport and transcytosis. Following BoNT/A injection into the rat eye, significant levels of BoNT/A-cleaved SNAP-25 appeared in the retinorecipient layers of the superior colliculus (SC). Anterograde propagation of BoNT/A effects required axonal transport, ruling out a systemic spread of the toxin. Cleaved SNAP-25 was present in presynaptic structures of the tectum, but retinal terminals were devoid of the immunoreactivity, indicative of transcytosis. Experiments based on sequential administration of BoNT/A and BoNT/E showed a persistent catalytic activity of BoNT/A in tectal cells following its injection into the retina. Our findings demonstrate that catalytically active BoNT/A is anterogradely transported from the eye to the SC and transcytosed to tectal synapses. These data are important for a more complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of BoNT/A.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.