Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2011
Inducible apoptosis as a safety switch for adoptive cell therapy.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 937 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CASPALLO: A Phase I Study Evaluating the Use of Allodepleted T Cells Transduced With Inducible Caspase 9 Suicide Gene After Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation
A Phase I Trial of T Cells Expressing an Anti-GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor in Children and Young Adults With GD2+ Solid Tumors
Who cites it
937 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,459 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cellular immunotherapy for lung cancer: current clinical evidence, translational challenges, and future perspectives: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
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- Bioengineered cell therapies for pediatric solid tumors: unmet needs and a measurement-integrated approach.Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2026Review
- Cytokine-independent activation of STAT5 promotes the persistence and function of CD4Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Alveolar Cytochrome P450 Mediates Butylated Hydroxytoluene-Induced Electrophilic Injury and Apoptosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Cell-based cancer immunotherapy: milestones, mechanistic insights, and emerging therapeutic directions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Cardiotoxicity of T cell immunotherapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Engineering the next generation of cellular therapies for solid tumors: multi-specific armored CARs and TME reprogramming strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy beyond cancer: current status, challenges and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Implications.Cancers · 2026Review
- Apoptosis-driven chromosomal rearrangements in cancer: CAD cleavage, nuclear architecture, and microhomology-mediated end joining.Oncogenesis · 2026Review
- CAR-T and TIL therapies in solid tumors: barriers, clinical lessons, and convergent solutions.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- A bibliometric and visualized analysis of CAR-T or TCR-T in solid tumor (from 2015 to 2024).Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Engineering CAR-Tregs with Phage-Selected scFv Enables a New Paradigm for Immune Regulation.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Advances and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for breast cancer: from molecular design to clinical application.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Review
877 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCellular therapies could play a role in cancer treatment and regenerative medicine if it were possible to quickly eliminate the infused cells in case of adverse events. We devised an inducible T-cell safety switch that is based on the fusion of human caspase 9 to a modified human FK-binding protein, allowing conditional dimerization. When exposed to a synthetic dimerizing drug, the inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9) becomes activated and leads to the rapid death of cells expressing this construct.
methodsWe tested the activity of our safety switch by introducing the gene into donor T cells given to enhance immune reconstitution in recipients of haploidentical stem-cell transplants. Patients received AP1903, an otherwise bioinert small-molecule dimerizing drug, if graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed. We measured the effects of AP1903 on GVHD and on the function and persistence of the cells containing the iCasp9 safety switch.
resultsFive patients between the ages of 3 and 17 years who had undergone stem-cell transplantation for relapsed acute leukemia were treated with the genetically modified T cells. The cells were detected in peripheral blood from all five patients and increased in number over time, despite their constitutive transgene expression. A single dose of dimerizing drug, given to four patients in whom GVHD developed, eliminated more than 90% of the modified T cells within 30 minutes after administration and ended the GVHD without recurrence.
conclusionsThe iCasp9 cell-suicide system may increase the safety of cellular therapies and expand their clinical applications. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00710892.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.