Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2011
HIV partner notification is effective and feasible in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for HIV treatment and prevention.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04349748 (The Effect of Providing mHealth Intervention of Partner Notification to Protect MSM From HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Providing mHealth Intervention of Partner Notification to Protect MSM From HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Infection: a Pragmatic Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of Contact Tracing to Reduce Transmission of Infectious Diseases During Epidemic or Pandemic Response: Rapid Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of HIV Testing Implementation Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of contact tracing in the control of infectious diseases: a systematic review.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Pooled it
- Improving HIV test uptake and case finding with assisted partner notification services.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Increasing HIV serostatus disclosure in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review of intervention evaluations.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Integrating prevention interventions for people living with HIV into care and treatment programs: a systematic review of the evidence.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic review of strategies to increase men's HIV-testing in sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Strategies for partner notification for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Blended Learning Training Approach for Health Care Workers Conducting HIV Index Case Testing in Malawi: Secondary Economic Analysis of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR medical education · 2026Trial
- Prison-based HIV partner notification in Indonesia: rationale and design of a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of HIV self-testing when offered within assisted partner services in Western Kenya (APS-HIVST Study): a cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Impact of family networks on uptake of health interventions: evidence from a community-randomized control trial aimed at increasing HIV testing in South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Effect of index HIV self-testing for sexual partners of clients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in Malawi: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2023Trial
- Impart: findings from a prison-based model of HIV assisted partner notification in Indonesia.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- A randomized controlled trial evaluating combination detection of HIV in Malawian sexually transmitted infections clinics.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Factors Associated With Poor Linkage to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Among Index Clients and Sex Partners Receiving Human Immunodeficiency Virus Assisted Partner Services in Kenya.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2020Trial
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission Among Persons With Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Index participant characteristics and HIV assisted partner services efficacy in Kenya: results of a cluster randomized trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Trial
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSexual partners of persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection require HIV counseling, testing and, if necessary, evaluation for therapy. However, many African countries do not have a standardized protocol for partner notification, and the effectiveness of partner notification has not been evaluated in developing countries .
methodsIndividuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection presenting to sexually transmitted infection clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi, were randomized to 1 of 3 methods of partner notification: passive referral, contract referral, or provider referral. The passive referral group was responsible for notifying their partners themselves. The contract referral group was given seven days to notify their partners, after which a health care provider contacted partners who had not reported for counseling and testing. In the provider referral group, a health care provider notified partners directly.
resultsTwo hundred forty-five index patients named 302 sexual partners and provided locator information for 252. Among locatable partners, 107 returned for HIV counseling and testing; 20 of 82 [24%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 15% to 34%] partners returned in the passive referral arm, 45 of 88 (51%; 95% CI: 41% to 62%) in the contract referral arm, and 42 of 82 (51%; 95% CI: 40% to 62%) in the provider referral arm (P < 0.001). Among returning partners (n = 107), 67 (64%) of were HIV infected with 54 (81%) newly diagnosed. DISCUSSION: This study provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of partner notification in sub-Saharan Africa. Active partner notification was feasible, acceptable, and effective among sexually transmitted infections clinic patients. Partner notification will increase early referral to care and facilitate risk reduction among high-risk uninfected partners.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.